Hrm 352

Question 1 0 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: they can be more cost effective Question 2 1 out of 1 points When we learn by watching others perform a task, this is known as: Answer Selected Answer: modeling Question 3 1 out of 1 points _________ refers to the effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job. Answer Selected Answer: transfer of training Question 4 0 out of 1 points The method of providing a variety of work experiences to broaden the knowledge and understanding required to manage more effectively is known as: Answer Selected Answer: individual development. Question 5 1 out of 1 points The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: Answer Selected Answer: on-the-job training Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a benefit of orientation programs? Answer Selected Answer: more comprehensive task analysis Question 7 1 out of 1 points The method of training used to train personnel to operate aircraft, spacecraft, and other highly technical and expensive equipment is the: Answer Selected Answer: simulation method. Question 8 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 9 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Apprenticeship training provides information in both the ________ and ________ aspects of the job. Answer Selected Answer: appraisal and technical Question 1 1 out of 1 points When we learn by watching others perform a task, this is known as: Answer Selected Answer: modeling Question 2 1 out of 1 points _________ refers to the effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job. Answer Selected Answer: transfer of training Question 3 0 out of 1 points Common drawbacks to on-the-job training include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: the absence of well-defined job performance criteria. Question 4 1 out of 1 points The method of training used to train personnel to operate aircraft, spacecraft, and other highly technical and expensive equipment is the: Answer Selected Answer: simulation method. Question 5 1 out of 1 points Apprenticeship training provides information in both the ________ and ________ aspects of the job. Answer Selected Answer: practical and theoretical Question 6 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 7 1 out of 1 points Learning curves show: Answer Selected Answer: that performance plateaus are natural and are usually followed by spontaneous recovery Question 8 1 out of 1 points To implement a successful diversity training program, managers should do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: rely upon existing training programs that have worked for other companies. Question 9 0 out of 1 points A control group: Answer Selected Answer: establish the baseline standard against which training effectiveness can be measured Question 10 1 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: hey replace conventional learning experiences Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:37:25 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which type of training allows students to get real-world experience in organizations while still receiving college credit? Answer Selected Answer: internships Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a benefit of orientation programs? Answer Selected Answer: more comprehensive task analysis Question 3 1 out of 1 points The four phases of a systems approach to training are: Answer Selected Answer: needs assessment, program design, program implementation, and evaluation. Question 4 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 5 0 out of 1 points The four step process advocated in benchmarking includes: Answer Selected Answer: plan, train, perform, evaluate Question 6 1 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: they replace conventional learning experiences Question 7 1 out of 1 points Goal setting: Answer Selected Answer: sets a road map for the training course, objectives, and learning points Question 8 1 out of 1 points All of the following are characteristics of successful trainers except: Answer Selected Answer: being experimental. Question 9 0 out of 1 points Determining whether or not performance is acceptable and studying the characteristics of individuals and groups that will be placed in the training environment are known as: Answer Selected Answer: group and individual analysis. Question 10 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 1 1 out of 1 points The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: Answer Selected Answer: on-the-job training Question 2 1 out of 1 points The four step process advocated in benchmarking includes: Answer Selected Answer: plan, do, check, act Question 3 0 out of 1 points Common drawbacks to on-the-job training include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: poor training skills of supervisors. Question 4 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 5 out of 1 points The principle of learning that is being emphasized by performing the same task over and over is: Answer Selected Answer: practice and repetition. Question 6 1 out of 1 points ___________ training allows for the maximum number of employees to by handled by the minimum number of instructors Answer Selected Answer: classroom instruction Question 7 1 out of 1 points A control group: Answer Selected Answer: helps determine whether improvements were made as the result of training or some other factor Question 8 1 out of 1 points This training method consists of having the trainee assume the attitudes and behavior of others. Answer Selected Answer: role playing Question 9 0 out of 1 points The desired outcomes of training programs are formally stated as: Answer Selected Answer: learning objectives. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Periods in learning situations when progress does not occur because of either reduced motivation or ineffective methods of task performance are called: Answer Selected Answer: plateaus. Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:43:30 AM CST Question 1 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: the frequency of overtime. Question 2 0 out of 1 points The placement of an employee in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, status, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: lateral move. Question 3 0 out of 1 points HR's role in gauging employee potential for career development includes all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: establish succession plans Question 4 0 out of 1 points An informal network of interpersonal relationships that has traditionally provided a means for senior members of the organization to pass along career tips to junior members is: Answer Selected Answer: the career network. Question 5 0 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: positions in service industries. Question 6 0 out of 1 points A program that provides for a relatively rapid progression through a number of managerial positions is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: management development program. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Career development programs benefit organizations in all of the following ways except: Answer Selected Answer: giving an increased understanding of the organization. Question 8 1 out of 1 points The lines of advancement for an individual within an organization are known as: Answer Selected Answer: career paths. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Services provided to terminated employees to help them find new jobs are referred to as: Answer Selected Answer: outplacement services. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Under a good mentor, learning focuses on all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: goals. Question 1 0 out of 1 points An informal network of interpersonal relationships that has traditionally provided a means for senior members of the organization to pass along career tips to junior members is: Answer Selected Answer: a mentoring network. Question 2 1 out of 1 points In making a career choice, one should probably: Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Question 3 1 out of 1 points Services that are offered to employees who are being transferred to different locations are known as: Answer Selected Answer: relocation services. Question 4 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a popular method that managers use to help employees identify their potential and the strength of their interests? Answer Selected Answer: informal counseling Question 5 1 out of 1 points The three principal criteria for determining promotions are: Answer Selected Answer: merit, seniority, and potential. Question 6 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: number of hours worked each week. Question 7 1 out of 1 points HR's role in gauging employee potential for career development includes all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: create employee's promotion plan Question 8 0 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: nonmanagement positions. Question 9 0 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: a promotion policy. Question 10 1 out of 1 points For what reason should a person seeking a mentor research the potential mentor's background? Answer Selected Answer: so that it will be easier for both of you to establish a relationship Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:50:37 AM CST Question 1 0 out of 1 points The career stage one would typically be in during his or her early 20s would be: Answer Selected Answer: pre-career. Question 2 1 out of 1 points Employability refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the skills and support needed to find a job Question 3 1 out of 1 points Services provided to terminated employees to help them find new jobs are referred to as: Answer Selected Answer: outplacement services. Question 4 1 out of 1 points The advancement of women in management: Answer Selected Answer: is likely to be helped by the advancement of younger men because of their more progressive attitudes toward women. Question 5 1 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: management support. Question 6 1 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: management positions. Question 7 1 out of 1 points For what reason should a person seeking a mentor research the potential mentor's background? Answer Selected Answer: so that it will be easier for both of you to establish a relationship Question 8 1 out of 1 points The placement of an employee in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, status, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: transfer. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Services that are offered to employees who are being transferred to different locations are known as: Answer Selected Answer: relocation services. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: irregularity in working hours. Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:53:32 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points Employability refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the skills and support needed to find a job Question 2 0 out of 1 points The career stage one would typically be in during his or her early 20s would be: Answer Selected Answer: early career. Question 3 out of 1 points Over the past decade, the percentage of women in all management positions has increased to slightly over ____________ percent. Answer Selected Answer: 35 Question 4 1 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: management positions. Question 5 0 out of 1 points Career development programs benefit organizations in all of the following ways except: Answer Selected Answer: providing greater retention of valued employees. Question 6 1 out of 1 points Outplacement services are: Answer Selected Answer: designed to help terminated employees find a job elsewhere. Question 7 0 out of 1 points A program that provides for a relatively rapid progression through a number of managerial positions is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: career advancement program. Question 8 1 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: management support. Question 9 0 out of 1 points Under a good mentor, learning focuses on all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: opportunities. Question 10 1 out of 1 points In making a career choice, one should probably: Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Question 1 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 2 1 out of 1 points Appraisal training for raters should focus on: Answer Selected Answer: eliminating subjective errors Question 3 1 out of 1 points As an appraiser, you should try to do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: change the person, not the behavior. Question 4 0 out of 1 points Freedom from criterion deficiency of performance appraisals refers to the extent to which: Answer Selected Answer: ndividuals tend to maintain a certain level of performance over time. Question 5 0 out of 1 points Time consuming to develop and use, but have less subjectivity and more acceptance characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: behavioral method Question 6 1 out of 1 points The strategic relevance of performance appraisals refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the extent to which standards relate to the overall objectives of the organization. Question 7 0 out of 1 points When the manager and the employee jointly establish future performance goals for each employee, which appraisal source is useful? Answer Selected Answer: team appraisal Question 8 0 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: documenting personnel decisions Question 9 0 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: mixed-standard scale Question 10 1 out of 1 points Self-appraisals are best for: Answer Selected Answer: developmental purposes. Question 1 1 out of 1 points If a performance standard is found to be stable or consistent over time, it is said to be: Answer Selected Answer: reliable. Question 2 0 out of 1 points Time consuming to develop and use, but have less subjectivity and more acceptance characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: trait method Question 3 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 4 1 out of 1 points TQM and team appraisal are complementary because: Answer Selected Answer: both focus on performance as a whole, rather than on the individual Question 5 0 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: determining promotion candidates Question 6 0 out of 1 points Freedom from criterion deficiency of performance appraisals refers to the extent to which: Answer Selected Answer: factors outside the employee's control can influence performance. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Total-quality management concerns have led to the increased use of: Answer Selected Answer: team and peer performance appraisals. Question 8 1 out of 1 points If you rate an average employee's performance high because you compared the employee to poor performers, you are committing a: Answer Selected Answer: ontrast error. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: critical incident Question 10 0 out of 1 points High potential for rating errors, but inexpensive to develop and use characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: behavioral method Question 1 0 out of 1 points Which method of performance appraisal requires managers to place a certain percentage of employees into various performance categories? Answer Selected Answer: percent method Question 2 0 out of 1 points The appraisal system based on the concept that learning helps organizations improve their internal processes and allows individuals to see how their performance ties in with the firm is: Answer Selected Answer: management by objectives Question 3 0 out of 1 points Requirements for successful MBO programs include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: goal statements must be accompanied by descriptions of how they will be accomplished. Question 4 1 out of 1 points Total-quality management concerns have led to the increased use of: Answer Selected Answer: team and customer performance appraisals. Question 5 out of 1 points If you rate an average employee's performance high because you compared the employee to poor performers, you are committing a: Answer Selected Answer: contrast error. Question 6 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 7 1 out of 1 points Self-appraisals are best for: Answer Selected Answer: developmental purposes. Question 8 1 out of 1 points In most instances, who is in the best position to perform the function of appraising an employee's performance? Answer Selected Answer: the employee's supervisor Question 9 1 out of 1 points The strategic relevance of performance appraisals refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the extent to which standards relate to the overall objectives of the organization. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Disadvantages of the essay method include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: it must follow a jobspecific format. Sunday, November 18, 2012 9:06:30 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points If the performance evaluations that salespeople receive are based solely on sales revenue to the exclusion of other important factors, the instrument suffers from: Answer Selected Answer: riterion deficiency. Question 2 0 out of 1 points If the performance evaluations that delivery drivers receive are partially influenced by the fact that some drivers operate in areas where there are major traffic problems while others operate in areas with few traffic problems, the instrument suffers from: Answer Selected Answer: rater bias. Question 3 1 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: providing performance feedback Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: critical incident Question 5 1 out of 1 points As an appraiser, you should try to do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: change the person, not the behavior. Question 6 0 out of 1 points A performance-rating error in which the appraiser tends to give employees either unusually high or unusually low ratings is referred to as a: Answer Selected Answer: halo error Question 7 1 out of 1 points Disadvantages of the essay method include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: it must follow a jobspecific format. Question 8 1 out of 1 points Performance appraisals must meet legal requirements because: Answer Selected Answer: they are used as a basis for HRM actions and decisions Question 9 0 out of 1 points Requirements for successful MBO programs include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: a specific time must be set when goals are to be reviewed and evaluated. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Appraisal training for raters should focus on: Answer Selected Answer: eliminating subjective errors Question 1 1 out of 1 points Positive discipline is different from progressive discipline in that it is based on a â€Å"problem-solving† approach to discipline. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 2 0 out of 1 points Decision-making leave is typically paid leave, and eliminates the negative effects of loss of pay. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 3 1 out of 1 points In order to be effective, employee discipline must take place as soon as possible after the problem is verified. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 4 1 out of 1 points One of the goals of discipline is that it should be seen as training that molds and strengthens the desirable conduct – or corrects undesirable conduct – and develops self-control. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 5 1 out of 1 points It is important when applying either progressive or positive discipline, to maintain complete records of each step of the procedure. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 6 1 out of 1 points One of the major reasons for investigative interviews is to establish the facts surrounding an employee's offense. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 7 0 out of 1 points Documentation of employee misconduct includes stating the improvement expected by the employer. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 8 1 out of 1 points Progressive discipline results from using positive reinforcement instead of punishment. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 9 1 out of 1 points A major responsibility of the HR department is to develop, and to have top management approve, its disciplinary policies and procedures. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 10 1 out of 1 points Management's failure to communicate rules to employees is one of the major reasons for reversing disciplinary action. Answer Selected Answer: True

Peter’s Escape from Prison Essay

12 Acts: 1-18 narrates the story of the unsuccessful conviction of Peter, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ. The verse begins when King Herod arrested several people who belonged to the church, including James, the brother of John, to be executed. When Herod heard that this apprehension of church members appealed to the Jews, he then ordered for Peter to be arrested. Peter’s arrest coincided with the feast of the Unleavened Bread. Before the dawn of his execution, Peter was visited by an angel of the Lord and the angel instructed Peter to follow. As Peter did so, the angel suddenly disappeared as they reached the city gates. Peter contemplated for a moment and finally decided to visit Mary, mother of John. Rhoda, Mary’s servant, ran to the door and was so overjoyed that she did not let Peter in. Rhoda exclaimed that Peter is back while the crowd inside the house exclaimed that Rhoda must be out of her mind. Peter kept knocking until they finally opened the gate. When they did, they were astonished with Peter’s presence and Peter told them how the Lord had brought him out of prison. He also instructed to tell James and his brothers of his arrival. He left after doing so. Meanwhile, Herod searched for Peter and had the guards guarding Peter executed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are several themes that are present in the verse. One of which is the historicity of the passage, as it refers to several characters that did exist during that time. Herod Agrippa I is the Herod mentioned in Acts 12; completely unrelated to the other popular Herod who ruled Judea during the time of Jesus’ birth. However, their essence as biblical characters remains similar, as they both persecute followers of Christ, with the latter persecuting Jesus himself. The philosophical theme of this passage is with the experience of reality, theistically and empirically. The passage can be interpreted in many ways, with different explanations succeeding it. If viewed theistically, the questions lies with the moral dilemma of the household of Mary. As the servant Rhoda answers the door, she is overjoyed to see Peter, but fails to open the door. The supposed crowd inside the house reply dubiously and does not believe Rhoda entirely until they have seen Peter himself. When they did see Peter, they were astonished; an expression of shock similar to another passage in the bible where Jesus appears in front of his apostles. Their expression was of disbelief and the men needed proof in order to accept his existence. Peter’s experience being held captive furthered his faith with God as he somehow knew that he was going to escape the conviction of Herod. This faith does not require prior knowledge or experience to affirm God’s help. It was immediately represented by the angel who quietly escorted Peter out of prison.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Empirically speaking, the question on the notion of the angel who helped Peter escaped remains dubious, since Peter himself did not know if the angel was real. He merely assumed that he was having a hallucination. It explains the problem between faith and experience. Peter, already experiencing the phenomenon, still refuses to accept reality. The theme also centers on the distinction between faith and experience. The crowd inside Mary’s house remain dubious of Peter, just as the apostles were dubious in Jesus’ presence. Faith entails a belief without any evidence or confirmation of the subject’s experience. There is no such thing as experiential faith, as espoused by the crowd and somehow, Peter. Peter reflected for a moment after escaping prison that he knows without a doubt that God has helped him. Meaning that some small portion of his faith was garbled by doubt but nevertheless chose to remain faithful.

BMW CENTRAL BUILDING (Leipzig, Germany) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BMW CENTRAL BUILDING (Leipzig, Germany) - Essay Example Name Tutor Task Date BMW CENTRAL BUILDING BMW central building in Leipzig Germany, is a magnificent building designed by Pritzker Prize together with Zaha Hadid architects, this happened in the year 2003. The building was designed with the concept of holding the integral sections that involved in the production of the BMW vehicles in one roof. Initially, the BMW real estate and facility management group had designed the three separate production units; the competition was put up to design the interlinked three core production units ( Aaron Betsky, 256). The best design by the Zaha Hadid and the Pritzker Prize to interlinked the three productions unit, which is the paint shop, the body building shop, and the assembly area; also included were administration, Restaurant for the staff. The conceptual idea behind the design, and building of this state of the art building which is a nerve centre of all the factory processes of assembling BMW vehicles was to allow easily movement of assembl ed body parts to be conveyed from one production unit of an elevated building to the other production unit. The focal point of designing and building an assembly hall, was to create enough space around the production line, was to give room for further expansion of the hall in the future without disruption to production. The magnificent building is not only functioning as a production piece of the factory, but also an epicenter of so many activities, including; the public relation area, offices, and the meeting room. The environmental approach was put into considerations, when the stipulate the use of water based paints to avoid environmental conflicts. The BMW central building is made up of several elevated conveyers which are made of a standard range of building materials like corrugated metals, channel glass and glass walls; this gave it a spectacular appearance and a unique design which stand out to be a unique building in Leipzig, Germany. The whole BMW central building covered 2.2 kilometer square that is 540 acre piece of land. The fabrication of bodies’ hall covers 640,000 square feet; the paint shop is covering 270,000 square feet and the assembly hall which is the largest cover 1,075,000 square feet. Included in the structural design is the large parking yard, the integral structural feature has the dynamic spectacle where it allows the movement the inherent dynamism movement of car bodies and vehicles and the arrangement of the parking lots giving it a gorgeous look. The other unique features in the building are such like the strategy used to organize the cross section that connect the ground floor and the first floor, there are two sequences of terraced plates of staircases that were set up from the southern part of the building to the northern part of building. The other staircase moved straight up from the ground floor meeting the first cascade then moving up to the space projecting the entrance. The advantage is that the articulation of th e most recognizable domain within an overall field. The materials used in the internal organization and walls separating the conveyors allow visual communication much more among the staff of all the ranks; this is to avoid the common tradition of segregation of them into a status group. The designing and building of this centre followed the modern organization of the offices in such a way that can provide a working

Name Fake News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Name Fake News - Essay Example During one episode on the Television, the narrator states that one of the lead characters of the Lancaster Police was arrested by the "Lancaster County Police" but in the real sense there is reportedly no such law enforcement agency in Lancaster. This is name fake news that deceived the innocent public. The name fake news genre is believed to have dated back to the 1960s and it was used widely in radio news, film production and in televisions. Fake names were used to portray the real people so as hide the identities of the people and enhance the understanding of the target group (Gibson 2012). It is important to highlight here that name fake news to a greater extent damages our understanding of current events. This is true because it gives the public falsified information of things that are untrue and if the public believes in the false information, it may lead to the destruction of human dignity, defamation, and some loss may also occur. If for example, a news anchor during broadcas ting reveals the fake name of a product that is to be sold in the market having different price to the real price of the original products. Due to the false information, the innocent buyer will not only spend more than the actual price of the product but also purchase a wrong item that was not intended (Gibson 2012). Fake name news can also damage our understanding of current events in publications such as books and newspapers. If an author in his publication indicates that a particular town or city exists or particular people existed having various activities such as the one that appeared in the recent Moscow News with claims that a city existed and it was full of sins done by the citizens. This kind of negative information may damage the peoples view on how they consider a particular group from a certain region while in neither reality the city does not exist nor the purported Television show that gave the false news (Burchard 2012).

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Combating Compassion Fatigue - Essay Example Therefore, compassion fatigue is characterized by extraneous stress resulting from poor working condition of the caregiver. Most psychologists from the United States clarify that new recruits in nursing often find themselves in similar situations even before they are fully absorbed in the profession (Ekedahl & Wengstrà ¶m, 2008). Regardless of whatever signs a patient may exhibit, symptom of compassion fatigue translates into stress after, which other negative signs accompanied by physical changes become visible (Bush, 2009). While most of the symptoms associated with the above condition can be controlled, there is no magic that compassion fatigue can be dealt with completely. Some of the most usual signs of compassion fatigue include the following: Exhaustion - Most caregivers may feel exhausted at the beginning of the day even before they commence working on their duties thus entertaining a lot of laxities even after having spent a week of relaxation, they would still feel physical weary (Bush, 2009). Increased consumption of alcohol - It has been pointed out that the working day long full of stress, some nurses do resort to engaging into alcohol consumption to unwound stress that they have encountered after a hard day engagements with the patients. However, increases resilience on alcohol will not generate anything constructive instead leads to irritability and loss of money (Bush, 2009). Inability to make a personal decision - It has also been identified that caregivers who are undergoing compassion fatigue situation often feel a sense of incompetency to make a personal decision. Some nurses who are extremely stressed would get to an extent of doubting their clinical competencies. Others would go to the extent of consulting on a simple issue that could have otherwise been solved without engaging another party (Bush, 2009). Depersonalization - People who are associated with compassion fatigue-disorder tend to distance

A New House Desicion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A New House Desicion - Essay Example In the case of purchasing a new house, an individual might have to give up the benefit of a vacation trip to Switzerland. When an individual is deciding about purchasing a house, he does not only forgo the benefits of purchasing another good or services, he/she even forgo the cost attached to purchasing a good or service over the cost of good and service he/she has planned to purchase. This is called the cost benefit analysis that an individual has to conduct in order to make a purchase decision. While conducting cost benefit analysis, an individual compares the cost and benefits of purchasing a particular good or service in comparison to the costs and benefits associated with the forgone goods and services (Stretton, 1999, p.206) In the real world individuals are not presented with a situation where they have to choose either one side of the paradigm. For example while purchasing a house, an individual might have an option of purchasing the one located in a low cost area and might h ave another option where the house is located just on the street. Individuals use the concept of marginal changes or in other words alterations that are incremental and meager in nature as stated by the economists. For example: an individual might be under the process of deciding whether to buy a new home or to obtain a home on rent, the decision of whether going for the purchase or rent depends on the marginal costs and benefits that are attached with the decision. Another economic concept that comes into play, while an individual makes the decision of purchasing a new house is the concept of incentives.... People make decision after conducting a cost and benefit analysis for various decisions and they might change their decision over time with changes in the costs and benefits associated with a decision. For example: if an individual obtains an apartment or a home on rent, he might go for purchase of a new home if the cost of renting the house exceeds the benefits of obtaining a house on rental conditions. Due to increase in rents, demand for ownership f houses will elevate, which will increase the demand of new houses and the supply of new houses will increase. Marginal Costs Several marginal costs and benefits are associated with an individual’s decision of purchasing a new home. These costs and benefits need to weigh properly in order to reach a decision that is backed by utmost rationality. The first marginal cost that an individual has to experience is amortization while making the decision to purchase a new home (Arnold, 2010, p.505). If an individual is currently living i n a home that he had obtained on rental basis and in order to purchase a new home requires certain portion of the amount of money the individual is paying as rent for repayments, the different between these amounts is recognized as a marginal cost. This case is mostly experienced by individual as purchase of house is much expensive than obtaining a house on rental basis (Grant, 2000, p.29). Other than the amount of money paid as amortization, individuals even need to take into consideration, the payment of insurance bills that are associated with the purchase of a new home. Another form of marginal cost that an individual might have to pay is the amount of time that an individual spends in traveling from school or work to his or

Obesity in American in Relation to Increasing Healthcare Costs Research Paper

Obesity in American in Relation to Increasing Healthcare Costs - Research Paper Example Obesity in America has a direct coloration to the rise in healthcare costs today. Obesity related illnesses Diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea, are all obesity related illnesses. Diabetes â€Å"Type 2 diabetes develops when either the body does not produce enough insulin in the blood or cells ignore the insulin produced† (Obesity-Related Diseases, n.d., para.2). Obesity causes insulin’s effectiveness in controlling the body’s blood sugar to decrease. Blood sugar is overproduced to keep up with the increased intake and the body, not being able to keep up with that, causes the blood sugar levels to become high (Obesity-Related Diseases, para.2). The resistance factor of insulin in human body is exponentially increased with the presence of extra muscles. The exact link between these two factors, obesity and diabetes was clearly explained in a research conducted in 2009 by the Salk Institute researchers (Sciencedaily, 2009). The researchers found out a new cond ition in people who are obese called as the endoplasmic reticulum (Sciencedaily, 2009).This condition could appear at a higher rate in people who have very high fat percentage and because of this condition, the segregation of glucose in liver increases dramatically and hence increasing their potential to become a patient of diabetes. The presence of excessive artificial additives in many of the cheaply available foods that are mostly consumed by people who are involved in sedentary work can effectively increase the fat content of those people. This makes them obese and hence luring them to have diabetes (Sciencedaily, 2009). Cancer Several studies conducted in the past have shown that overweight could increase the percentage of people getting affected with cancer. In particular, the most common type of cancer that is exhibited in obese people is the liver cancer. Researchers from University of California, San Diego has found out through their research that one major cause for the in troduction of cancer in obese people is due to a chronic inflammation (NewsWise, 2010). In generic terms, it could be described as a state where the cells of human body interact between each other in an unruly and disordered manner causing a lot of discrepancies to occur in their working. Any kind of mismanagement of communication between the cells and in their movement leads to the advent of cancer. Such an improper metabolism could occur in a higher percentage in obese people and hence the relation between obese people and cancer has come to the fore. Cancer is not a direct result of this state but is the culmination of series of secondary problems caused by this chronic inflammation (NewsWise, 2010). Heart disease Obesity often causes heart diseases due to the fact the heart is stressed when pumping blood. The relation between obesity and heart diseases where always analyzed but was believed that it is not a direct resultant of obesity. Many other sub causes were found to be the reasons for producing heart diseases. Those sub causes include presence of hypertension when the heart rate increases extremely, decrease in the levels of cholesterol in HDL or even the above mentioned factor, diabetes (Lew & Garfinkel, 1979). It is a proven fact that these causes can occur in obese patients than a regular diet person and through this it was attributed to obesity that heart disease could also

Critical review of a social policy journal (article is available on Essay

Critical review of a social policy journal (article is available on sagepub) - Essay Example Janet attained all these academic qualifications in the University of Essex (The Open University, 2012). The article explains visual research, a form of research that uses photography to study a certain community. The article explains how photography can help in the collection of visual data, which helps in studying the aspects of a given community. The article is a guide on how visual data can help policy makers in obtaining information about the resources and the values that the community values. Janet’s article explains how the data collected using photographs to explain the differences among various communities in the contemporary England. In any society, there are clear issues that affect different communities that interact. There is that group of the society that does not enjoy benefits that other groups enjoy. For example, in Britain some communities are disadvantaged and marginalized in all aspects of life. A study of the experiences of community members and the areas that the communities views as problematic shows the actual gap between different communities in Britain. Visual research using photographs reveals the areas that account for the practices and problems that face the community. In addition, the research also shows the areas that the community members deem as good. ... Visual research is probably the best approach for decision-making about the welfare of a certain disadvantaged community. Critique of the article The article raises a number of issues concerning understanding the society. For instance, many marginalized communities face the problem of vandalism and destruction of property. This is due to the crash of ideas between different members of the society. Therefore, the communities are responsible for their problems in many instances. For instance, young people wanted the field for their own personal issues while other members of the community concerned themselves with protecting the field. The community divided itself along age and gender basis, but it is clear that the community has strong moral and social standards. The article brings to light how photography reveals some aspects that other people assume to be normal. For instance, the photographs on infrastructure indicate the local council's negligence in maintaining infrastructural fac ilities. Understanding the problems of disadvantaged members of the society needs complete masterly of all factors within their environment. Most of these factors, however, appear normal to many individuals, which hinders policy makers from making sense as well as interpreting the factors. The article stresses on the importance of visual data in analysing such information that may appear as irrelevant in the given communities (Fink, 2011). I agree with certain propositions of the article. The article stresses on the contributions of photography in studying various practices and experiences that influence the actions of marginalized communities. Visual research identifies aspects that affect the community and that appear normal in the eyes of many individuals. Policy makers need

Performance Evaluation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Performance Evaluation - Case Study Example Lastly, the current evaluation form rates an employee on a scale that is not clearly defined. The use of ‘medium’ and ‘low-medium’ ratings can have different meanings and can form different perceptions on raters and cannot be quantified as well as some other rating scales might do. These ratings are also relative to the performance of others and thus might not accurate portray the performance of the employee and his commitment to the organization. A1. Some of the most commonly used sets of criteria used to evaluate the performance of an individual on the job are skill set, contribution towards the overall mission and goals of the company, and an employee’s work ethic. B. Evaluating based on overall contributions can be done based on criteria like sales figures, number of contracts negotiated and won and other task-related criteria. This set is perhaps most valuable because it sends a message to the employees that they shall be evaluated based on what they achieve for the company. Thus employees shall be more inclined to meet targets. In situations where an employee’s contributions can be quantified, this set of criteria can prove to be quite useful. When evaluating based on work ethic, an employee’s punctuality, friendliness, honesty, motivation and absenteeism are all taken into account. This set is valuable to an evaluator because in working environments that require low absenteeism and group harmony, the employee will be judged on how he fares across these dimensions. This set of criteria can of course be modified according to the needs of the organization and the individual. Lastly, examining an employee’s skill set is also an integral part of evaluations. It helps understand an employee’s strengths and weaknesses and provides a broader view of an employee’s performance. C. Advantages: There are many advantages of getting feedback from supervisor, subordinates and peers. A 360-degree evalua tion provides a more rounded feedback to the employee. It helps the employee in understanding the areas he needs to improve upon in order to develop as one of the leaders in the organization. This type of feedback provides the employee with more detailed information which can be useful in developing the employee’s career. D. Disadvantages: Personal issues may affect the accuracy of evaluations as some subordinates, supervisors and peers may give biased or dishonest opinions. Secondly, supervisors may deliberately give lower ratings so as to protect their own jobs and avoid the risk of being surpassed by their subordinates. If a particular employee is a favorite of the supervisors, he/she may be rated higher than others and have their contributions recognized quicker than others. Lastly, each rater can have a different viewpoint of performance so consistency will be lacking across different raters’ evaluation E. Three data analysis tools for performance appraisal are pa ired evaluation, graphic rating scale and management by objective (MBO). The paired comparison style is used when a lot of relevant options are present. Each option is compared to the others in the list and given a score and the option with the highest score is selected at the end. The paired comparison style is useful in situations when there are plenty of options available and where priorities are not clear. However, it is not

Supply and Demand,Elasticity, Production and Cost,Competition, Case Study

Supply and Demand,Elasticity, Production and Cost,Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, and Game Theory - Case Study Example This will make the suppliers hoard the goods in anticipation for higher prices hence decrease in supply. Consequently, customers will demand more and eventually lead to further increase in prices. c). total revenue = price *quantity. When P=$10, the total revenue is 10*500=$5000. When price increases to $20, total revenue is P*Q= 20*300=$6000. This shows that the increase in price by $10 increase total revenue by ($6000-$5000). This is an increase of $1000 revenue. 6.0 When the demand for labor is inelastic, the rate of unemployment increases. For example, if labor demanded is 300 and skilled workers are 600, 300 people will remain unemployed. As more people gains skills, demand does not change hence more people remain jobless. d) The optimal number of workers to be hired is five. Marginal cost of any additional worker should not exceed his/her marginal revenue. Hiring sixth person will cost more than the revenue he or she can generate. 10. For the business to continue its operation, it should be able to break even. At this point, total revenue (TR) = total cost (TC). However, at break even the business should be able to cover all its variable cost from the revenue. For 3 months, revenue is $4000, while variable cost is ($12000-$6000) = $6000. Therefore, it should close down since it is not able to generate enough revenue to cover fixed

How Does the Writer of This Text Use Language and Grammar Essay Example for Free

How Does the Writer of This Text Use Language and Grammar Essay The author uses jargon, puns and compound sentences to shape his readers response. This is done by paying attention to his audience which is the readers of the Metro, which are public transport users. Also to his purpose which is to entertain his audience. Puns are used to give a light-hearted effect to entertain his audience. This is evident where the author says â€Å"A new musical talent spreads his wings†. This provides entertainment to his readers in the form of comedy. Additionally the words he uses acts as a metaphor, yet in this case the phrase is quite literal as he is talking about a fly. This quite an effective pun. The use of puns provides amusement to his audience and by placing this pun at the beginning of this article it makes the reader intrigued to read on. Furthermore puns are used throughout the article to keep the reader engaged. Jargon is used also as a way to present his readers with photography knowledge. He uses a quote from the photographer which says â€Å"†¦to give a refreshing view on insect marco-photography†. By using this the author gives the public a small insight to what technology goes into taking these photos. This uses of jargon also presents another purpose as it shows the photographer of these fly photos to be a professional within this business. Also that it makes it easier for people who know about the subject to follow, as specialized terms can be used without losing information. This is useful as he has a very wide audience and some may understand these terms. The use of compound sentences adds more detail and information. The author says â€Å"Nearly all the photographs of Mr Fly, whose first name was Gerald, were taken in Mr Hendrickx’s bedroom, using mostly natural light and a small eight megapixel camera.† By saying this the author adds more richness to the sentence and therefore by doing so adds more information to his readers. By adding more information the author can entertain his audience which are on the public transport on their journeys. Furthermore that by using compound  sentences it is more effective in creating a balance between two important pieces of information, thereby leaving the reader with a better understanding of the article. To conclude by using all this techniques the author of the text can keep his audience engaged and entertained while reading his article and furthermore provide them with information which they may not of known prior.

SMP And MPP Databases Analysis

SMP And MPP Databases Analysis It has by now become a compulsion to implement Data Warehouses and Decision Support systems in almost all the major organizations. Almost every form of organization is investing heavily in building Warehouses across the multiple functions they implement. Data Warehouses, with their large volumes of integrated, consistent and conformed data, provide the competitive edge by enabling business establishments to analyze past and current trends, monitor current patterns and shortcomings and make informed future decisions. The size of the average Data Warehouse is growing exponentially with each year with organizations looking increasingly to gather every bit of information possible into the warehouse. Modern day ETL tools provide excellent support to integrate from varying and disparate sources like Mainframes, Relational databases, XML files, unstructured documents like PDFs, emails and web pages. It is not just the size of the Data Warehouse that is increasing, but also the utility and the functionality that is expected out of it, that is seeing a multi fold increase. A large number of advanced and high performance Business Intelligence applications Reporting, Dashboards, Scorecards, Data Mining and Predictive modeling are now executed over the Data Warehouse and these applications execute highly complex queries accessing large volumes of data. These requirements the ever growing size of the Data Warehouse and the increasing complexity of the queries executed against it has necessitated the need to look for alternate architectures and implementations of relational databases that can scale up effectively to support efficient querying across large volumes of data with shorter response time and consequently raised the debate of going MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) enabled databases over SMP (Symmetrical multi processors) structured data bases. II. SMP (Symmetrical multiprocessor) Symmetrical multiprocessor systems are single systems containing multiple processors (2 64, or even higher) in which a common pool of memory and disk I/O resources are shared equally. These systems are controlled by a centralized operating system. Sharing of system resources by the processors enables them to be managed more effectively. Very high speed interconnections are deployed across the SMP systems to allow effective interconnection and equal sharing of memory and resources. Apart from high bandwidth, low communication latency is another important property that SMP systems should possess to demonstrate high levels of scalability. This is necessitated by often employed operations in data warehouse such as index lookups and joins that involve communication of small data packets. If the amount of data present in each message is less, then the importance of low latencies is paramount. In SMP , multiple cpus share the same memory, board, I/O and operating system. Each and every CPU acts independently. When one CPU handles a database lookup, other CPUs can perform database updation and perform other tasks. As a result, the device will be able to handle the highly complex networking tasks of todays world in a very easy way. Thus SMP systems too involve a degree of parallelism in that multiple processors can be used to perform mutually exclusive operations in parallel. SMP are relatively cheaper when compared to MPP databases. The cost of upgrading is also lesser because as we scale the number of processors, only an additional processor board needs to be added. Processing power can thus easily and seamlessly be increased by adding extra processors. However SMP have the limitation that they can only scale so far. As all cpus on the same board share a single memory bus, there is a chance of bottlenecks to occur. This bottleneck impacts performance and slows down processing. Instead of placing too many number of CPUs on the same SMP board, designers of high-end network elements can distribute applications across a networked cluster of SMP boards. Each board has its own memory array, I/O and operating system. However this approach begins to complicate the up gradation. Network -specific codes has to be added by network managers to applications. Also as drivers are tightly bound to kernel, moving them involve creation of a new kernel image for each board. III. MPP (Massively parallel processor) Massively parallel systems are composed of many nodes. Each node is a separate computer having a minimum of one cpu and also has its own memory which is local to it. There is a connection also for connecting all the nodes. These type of systems have separate ALUs that runs in parallel fashion. Various standards like MPI are used by nodes for communication. Message passing mechanism is used by nodes for communication. Each node in a massively parallel processor system is accessed with the help of an interconnect technique. The technique supports transfer of data which is at the rate of 13 to 38 MB/sec. Every node in the system contains CPU, disk subsystems and memory. These nodes are self sufficient nodes. The system can be considered as a shared nothing system. Shared nothing indicates that the nodes have their own memory, OS and I/O subsystems, nothing is shared. These systems are designed to have good scalability. Also these systems allow the addition of any number of processors to the system. In cases where partitioning of problems are possible, MPP systems exhibit good performance. In that case there will be no communication among nodes and all the nodes work in parallel fashion. But this partitioning occurs only in rare situations and therefore the performance that MPP systems promises to exhibit is reduced. Such partitioning occurs in the case of ad-hoc queries that are typical to datawarehouses. Also the high scalability that MPP systems offer is limited by data skew or when communication between nodes in the system is highly needed. Single node failure reduces not only the power required for processing but also makes the data located at that node inaccessible. In industries, single-processor nodes which are termed as thin are augmented with multiprocessor nodes which are termed as fat with the help of many processors in SMP configuration. In such cases, the MPP nodes will have many number of processors and less number of nodes. The architecture of MPP includes a group of independent nodes which are of shared-nothing type. Each node has cpu, local disks and memory. Message based interconnect connects all these together. IV. DEPLOYING DATA WAREHOUSE Now that we have discussed in brief the inherent differences between an SMP and an MPP, the below section details the considerations that have to be taken into account while deploying a Data Warehouse. The main consideration when deploying data warehouses are that they should be able to extract meaningful and un-obvious, information from large amounts of data . They can use techniques such as relational intra-query parallelization, on-line analytical processing (OLAP), data mining, and multidimensional databases for the extraction. To perform these analyses, systems that are powerful require access to many times the amount of data that is stored in any one of a companys operational systems. Organizations deploy data warehouses by transferring data periodically from on-line transaction processing (OLTP) databases into data warehouses. These are implemented at fixed schedules via ETL routines that execute at pre-defined intervals in a day. The ETL routines could also execute weekly/monthly and quarterly for sources that provide information at that frequency. Since the databases used in data warehouses are different from the operational OLTP source systems, the ETL from the source systems to the Data warehouse can be a resource-intensive operation involving data extraction, data cleansing and conforming of the data. The amount of storage needed is staggering as well with the entire operations of the company integrated within the Data warehouse sales, orders, operations, finance etc . As the usefulness of this data is not predictable in the beginning, all of the companys data is usually stored in a data warehouse . Data warehouses pose a constant challenge of rapid deployment of application. In the case of OLTP systems the workload is predictable and can be managed with careful tuning. While in the case of data warehouses, they constantly changes whenever new applications are created. Because of their constantly-changing nature, all data warehouses require custom configuration. Factors to consider when deploying data warehouse 1) Complexity of Query: Query complexity ranges from canned queries that are simple to data mining using techniques in artificial intelligence. Canned queries make use of optimized, pre-compiled SQL which may be used in answering questions which are simple and are repeated frequently. Complex data analysis is done using ad-hoc queries which are written in SQL. Also those queries that support operations in data mining are very much complicated . Such queries are not written in SQL and they are difficult to optimize also. Intensive methods like neural nets, genetic programs etc are used by these queries. 2) Workload in Database: Workloads of decision support systems varies from interactive operation to batch operation. Data visualization packages uses access to data warehouse that are interactive. Such packages extract data trends with the help of executing pre-compiled queries. 3) System Architecture: DSS makes use of the technology, parallel processing. Parallel computing architectures range varies in the extent to which memory is hierarchical. Memory is accessed uniformly by symmetric multiprocessors with the help of high-speed buses or crossbar switching technologies. These technologies support point-to point interconnection between processors. Groups of SMP systems are used by clustered approaches. These are linked with interconnection mechanisms which are of slower speed. MPP systems use nodes containing local memory that are accessed through a local high-speed bus. Communication among nodes are carried out through message-based interconnects which are of lower speed. VI. NEED FOR SCALABLE DATA WAREHOUSES The size of a Data warehouse grows rapidly in size and the growth cannot easily be accurately anticipated. Data warehouse implementations often start small and grow as the volume of data and the demands increase. Data warehouses are often deployed with a few processors in the beginning, and can support many times the initial processing capability. Properties When more number of processors are added to an SMP, or nodes are added to an MPP, it is important that system should scale. Ideally, a Data Warehouse system should exhibit two properties to show good levels of scalability speed-up and scale-up. 1) Speed-up: It is the property demonstrated, in which if a job needs one time unit to complete with one processor then it will need 1/N of the time to complete with N processors. For example, consider a job that needs five hours to complete with one processor , it needs only one hour to complete with five processors. Then we say that the system scales well. 2) Scale-up: It is another important property. Consider a system with excellent scale-up. It provides the same level of performance even if the data warehouse size increases through the addition of processors or nodes. For example, when the database size is one terabyte , a batch job that takes five hours to run will take the same time of five hours when the size is two terabytes. In order to maintain scalability, the data should be re re-partitioned across the nodes. This is a time consuming and risky process as databases are terabyte-sized . This step is not required on an SMP. Database administrators valuate scalability by checking whether the systems behavior is predictable when workload intensity increases. If the systems behavior is predictable even when the workload grows, then the system scales well. VIII. CONCLUSIONS Both SMP and MPP server databases can be used for Data warehouse implementations. There are different situations where each can be utilized. The general trade-off point on choosing between the two depends on several factors: 1.) Volume of data expected to be stored in the database. 2.) Expected number of concurrent users. 3.) Complexity of queries to be executed number of joins, aggregations etc to be used. 4.) Average volume of data accessed by each query. 5.) Anticipated growth volumes. When the number of concurrent users is less, and when the volumes are low, SMP are preferred. In fact SMP are preferred for more OLTP like environments. In contrast when the volumes are large, and the number of queries executed is large and involves complex query processing MPP server databases are preferred. These databases on account of their parallel processing capabilities can be utilized to execute complex queries more efficiently and hence offer a natural choice for typical Data warehouse implementations.

Sexual Assault in the Army

Sexual Assault in the Army â€Å"The Invisible War† Sexual Assault  against Women in the Army In 2012 a documentary entitled â€Å"The Invisible War† dealing with sexual assault against women raised attention to an issue that has been rarely spoken about. As an issue, it has been gaining attention in recent years however, and even President Obama (Office of the Press Secretary, 2014) describes it as a â€Å"profound injustice† in a speech he made in January. Sexual assault in the army affects a certain category of the American population that is abused. This paper will focus mainly on veteran women, explaining the causes behind their victimization, the measures the U.S officials have been trying to implement to limit such incidents, and finally it will provide some real study cases. The Report to the President of the United States on Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (Depatment of Defense., 2014) came as a response to president Obama’s request to the defense department to improve their policies against sexual assault in the military system. It defines sexual assault as â€Å"[intentional] sexual contact characterized by use of force, threats, intimidation, or abuse of authority or when the victim does not or cannot consent† (2014). Based on this definition, the rapport states that the number of victims of sexual assault between 2013 and 2014 are as follows: 4,3% for women and 0,9% for men. It also shows that despite the increase in 2012 concerning the number of sexual assault cases against women in the army, there is a decline from 6,1% to 4,3% in 2014 (same as 2010). In simpler terms, women are 5 times more likely to get sexually assaulted than men in the army. These figures imply an aggressiveness against women in particular considering that veteran women make up only 14,5% of the active-duty force (Statistics on Women in the Military, 2011). Some would explain this behavior through the feminist theory; that sexual violence against women is a way for men to reinforce their power, hence label it as a gender issue (Peterson Bailey, 1992; Hagan Peterson, 1995; Baron Straus, 1987). In chapter eight of Crime and Inequality (Hagan Peterson, 1995), the writers explore different surveys and experiments made to prove the relationship between gender inequality and violence against women, especially rape. They argue that such violence is intended to â€Å"keep women in their place† (1995). Clark and Lewis (1997) also argue that in societies where women are regarded as possessions of men, it is more likely that men would exercise their power by forcing and threatening women into sexual activities (cited in Baron Straus, 1987). Although this theory does not relate to women in the army in particular, but it tries to establish the relationship between the socioeconomic inequality between men and women from one hand, and the sexual abuse women suffer from. (Hagan Peterson, 1995). â€Å"The central argument is that rape is rooted in male domination of sociopolitical and economic activities (Williams and Holmes 1981). Thus, rape is expected to be more common where women hold little political or economic power [†¦] and the occupational status of women is inferiorâ€Å" (Peterson Bailey, 1992). In Addition to the view that men assault women sexually to reinforce their power, sexual assault might be attributed to some other causes. One of the main factors which are associated with high risk of rape, in particular, is the work place environment. Veteran women share their sleeping quarters with male soldiers which provide an environment in which the assailant has an easier access. Women also may experience pressure and may be obliged to hear demeaning comments or gestures (Sadler, Booth, Cook, Doebbeling, 2003). According to Pauline Jelinek (2012) in her article â€Å"military alcohol abuse ‘culture’ is now a ‘crisis’.† It is known that drinking alcohol and consuming drugs within the ranks of the military is a ‘culture’, and is considered as an escape from what they experience in the war. However, this has numerous drawbacks such as sexual aggression against veteran women. In fact, it is reported that half of perpetrators in the military are under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of (Sadler, Booth, Cook, Doebbeling, 2003). Man’s tendency to act violently is another factor associated with high rate of rape. This is proven by a meta-analysis of sex difference in physical aggression. It shows that men are more likely to act violently and that 62 per cent of those who are injured by a partner are women (Archer, 2000). This is explained by what Melissa M. McDonald, Carlos David Navarrete and Mark Van Vugt (2012) call â€Å"The male warrior hypothesis.† They argue that men are programmed to act aggressively â€Å"to gain access to mates, territory and increased status.† This tendency to act violently can be interpreted as one major cause of sexual assault. Furthermore, women’s silence increases the rate of rape. This is attributed to barriers to justice where women feel that they are at risk of retaliation by the assailants. In fact, offenders usually outrank the victims and consequently, women are obliged to make a choice between their military career or seeking justice. What is worse is that commanders not only fail to enforce the protection of those women but also they put the blame on women for ruining the careers of â€Å"good soldiers† claiming that this is not â€Å"a big deal† and â€Å"not worth causing conflict in the unit† (Stalsburg, 2011). Despite the existence of sexual crimes in the military, a great number of methods and victim assistance programs have been actually implemented by the American army to prevent the occurrence of such cases. â€Å"Bystander Intervention Training† provided by the Department of Defence is one of the methods that encourages and shows all the service members how â€Å"to intervene safely when they see situations at risk for sexual assault† (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). Another training that only commanders receive is â€Å"The command training and efforts to address sexual assault† (2013). It teaches commanders to assume an effectual responsibility by adopting certain rules and initiating some directions. It trains therefore high ranked officers to prevent the setting up of â€Å"environments that foster sexual harassment†(2013). As far as the military response to victims is concerned, two major reporting options are available for military members to opt for. The first, the unrestricted reporting option, implies â€Å"criminal investigation in which command and law enforcement are provided with details of the incidents† (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). The restricted reporting option, on the other hand, provides help for victims in terms of â€Å"medical and healthcare,† but it does not imply an official investigation. This option is made specifically for women who prefer not to reveal the harasser’s identity or to call legally for their rights. In addition to these methods, â€Å"every military installation has a Sexual Assault Response Coordinator (SARC) and at least one Victim Advocate [who is] responsible for connecting victims with appropriate resources and services† (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013). Although several measures have been adopted in the military, most women being raped prefer to be silent and not to uncover the truth. Even though America have the most powerful army in the world, it has in its ranks a secret –an invisible story- that many women won’t dare to reveal. However, in 2012 these women decided to break this silence and speak out in an investigative and a documentary film entitled â€Å"The Invisible War† (2012) which evolved around the sexual assault and harassment in the US military. This film aided these women to uncover the truth, tell their stories and share their experiences. One of these women is ‘Kori Cioca’ who was serving â€Å"in the US coast guard and was stationed in Michigan† and was raped by one of the commander officers back in 2005 (Stebner, 2013). During the aggression and while calling for help, her assaulter hit her and broke her jaw. She didn’t have the courage to report this incident because of the threats she received and the fear of losing her job (Stebner, 2013). In her article â€Å"the Invisible War: New Film Exposes Rape, Sexual Assault Epidemic in U.S Military† Amy Goodman (2012) interviewed Ms. Cioca where she told her horrible story about the aggression. In fact, her superior began by harassing her verbally but she refused these sexual suggestions. She said â€Å"he didn’t rape me because I was pretty or that he wanted to have sex with me; he raped me because he hated me, and he wanted to show me that I wasn’t as great as I thought I was.† This statement can be interpreted in favor of the feminist view of sexual assault discussed earlier. As for the victim, she thought about committing suicide but she changed her mind when she knew that she’s pregnant. Until now, although she feels traumatized and fights everyday to win her right back, she remains hopeful and confident that one day justice will take its course. To sum up, sexual assault against women has been an ‘invisible war’, a blight in the most honorable institution like the U.S. military. Its causes go back to different factors; human nature in general and the environment of the army in particular. The U.S officials and mainly the department of defense have been implementing different measures in the different levels of the armed forces to eliminate this problem. However, what the story of Kori Cioca reveal can imply the limits of such measures and the commitment to stop this sexual aggressiveness against women. References: Archer, J. (2000). Sex Differences in Aggression Between Heterosexual Partners:. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 651-680. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://www.batteredmen.com/ArcherSexDifferencesMeta-AnalyticReviewf2000.pdf Baron, L., Straus, M. A. (1987, December). Four Theories of Rape: A Macrosociological Analysis. Social Problems, 34(5). Depatment of Defense. (2014, November 25). Report to the President of the United States on Sexual Assault Prevention and Response. Retrieved December 2014, from The United States Department of Defense: Sexual Assault Prevention and Response.: http://sapr.mil/public/docs/reports/FY14_POTUS/FY14_DoD_Report_to_POTUS_Full_Report.pdf Goodman, A. (2012, janaury 30). The Invisible War: New Film Exposes Rape, Sexual Assault Epidemic in U.S. Military. Retrieved December 2014, from Democracy Now: http://www.democracynow.org/2012/1/30/the_invisible_war_new_film_exposes Hagan, J., Peterson, R. (Eds.). (1995). Crime and Inequality. Stanford, California.: Stanford University Press. Jelinek, P. (2012, september 9). Military Alcohol Abuse Culture Is Now A Crisis, Report Finds. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/18/military-alcohol-abuse-drug-drinking_n_1893360.html McDonald, M. M., Navarrete, C. D., Vugt, M. V. (2012, January 23). Evolution and the psychology of intergroup conflict: the male warrior hypothesis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS B. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1589/670 Office of the Press Secretary. (2014, January 22). Remarks by the President and Vice President at an Event for the Council on Women and Girls. Retrieved from The White House: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/22/remarks-president-and-vice-president-event-council-women-and-girls Peterson, R. D., Bailey, W. C. (1992, Mai). Rape and Diemnsions of Gender Socioeconomic Inequality in The U.S Metropilitician Area. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29(2), 162-177. Sadler, A. G., Booth, B. M., Cook, B. L., Doebbeling, B. N. (2003). Factors Associated With Women’s Risk of Rape in the Military Environment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, 43, 262–273. Retrieved December 2014, from: http://www.arlingtonwestsantamonica.org/docs/Sadler_Military_Environment.pdf Statistics on Women in the Military. (2011, September 30). Retrieved December 14, 2014, from The Womens Memorial: http://www.womensmemorial.org/PDFs/StatsonWIM.pdf Stebner, B. (2013, february 13). The Invisible War: Former Coast Guard recruit tells of how horrific rape at hands of commanding officer made her contemplate suicide. Retrieved December 2014, from Mail Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2277917/Kori-Cioca-tells-Katie-Couric-horrific-rape-contemplated-suicide.html THE INVISIBLE WAR. (2012). Retrieved december 2014, from the invisible war: http://invisiblewarmovie.com/index.php U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. (2013, September). 2013 Statutory Enforcement Report: Sexual Assault in the Military. Retrieved December 2014, from United States Commission on Civil Rights : http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/09242013_Statutory_Enforcement_Report_Sexual_Assault_in_the_Military.pdf

Ghibertis Baptistry Doors 3rd Set :: Essays Papers

Ghibertis Baptistry Doors 3rd Set The work of art that I chose to do my research paper on was Ghiberti's 3rd set of Baptistry Doors. These doors are known as "The Gates of Paradise." The doors were commissioned in 1427; they were finally completed and installed in 1452 at the eastern entrance of the Baptistry of San Giovanni. The replication of the doors is located in San Francisco, at Grace Cathedral. The doors consist of ten square panels, gilded together. Surrounding the panels are small heads, floral motifs, and niches that contain miniature statues of Prophets. Leonardo Bruni created the iconographic formula, taken from stories of the Old Testament. Ghiberti followed the plans and created 10 scenes ranging from the Creation of Adam and Eve to the reign of King Solomon. The top left panel is the scene of the Creation, Temptation and Expulsion of Adam and Eve. The top right panel is the scene of Cain murdering Abel. The next panel is of Noah and the Flood; then Abraham sacrificing Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph being sold into slavery by his brothers; Moses receiving the Ten Commandments; Joshua and the battle of Jericho; David and Goliath; and finally Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. All the panels were gilded in gold, giving them a uniform and seamless perspective. Ghiberti was a master of using perspective in his works. The attention to detail is apparent when you examine closely the sculpted figures in each panel. They all seem three-dimensional. The way in which Ghiberti sculpted each figure, gives them a shadow against the background which is key to the three-dimensional perspective of each figure. The way in which the panels were positioned on the doors is interesting. Instead of using smaller panels, which would allow for more scenes, Ghiberti chose to use large panels that are easy to see. The miniature figures and heads surrounding the ten panels is another interesting point. The full body figures are Prophets. There are 20 prophets surrounding the panels. Most likely they were also taken from the Old Testament. Each of these prophets is in the motion of some type of action. Their action is probably what they were known for and why they became Prophets. Again, Ghiberti gives each a three-dimensional pose. He is past the old ways of symmetry and each figure looks realistic in pose.

Emersons Aphorisms :: essays research papers

Have you ever had a pair of shoes cherished so much that you were afraid to run the risk of wearing them, for fear of them getting scuffed, but by the time you wear them their too small? The aphorism by Ralph Waldo Emerson, â€Å"We are always getting ready to live, but never living.† is still valid today. It is often that we prepare to live rather than living instead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Often people are unwilling to take opportunity, Emerson tries to show this in his aphorism. Due to the risks involved, people sometimes miss their chance at opportunities. Just like the kid unwilling to wear his shoes for fear of scuffing them, we are often caught in the same struggle between risk and desire. The kid desires to wear, and to be seen in his new shoes. But the risk of scuffing his new shoes outweighs wearing them, in his mind. People often do not realize what they’ve missed because of risk involved, until its too late. Finally the little kid decides he’s willing to accept the risk of scuffing his shoes, but by the time he tries to slip his feet into the little shows he realizes he’s outgrown them and they’ll no longer fit. Disgruntled and distraught, the kid wants to wear the shoes more than anything now that he can’t wear them. Emerson hints that we should take opportunities as they come; and never hide in the face of risk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerson’s aphorism could also be interpreted as a plea to enjoy what you have now, rather than always strive for more. It is not uncommon to see a prominent member Tillman 2 of society spend the majority of their time working, rather than enjoying the wealth they have already acquired. Emerson is trying to say that we should stop and appreciate what we have, rather than spend our time trying to obtain more. After all, how can one fully enjoy what they have, when they are too busy trying to acquire more. Emerson hints that we should not spend our lives preparing for life rather than living life. Throughout our lives it’s common to see people with high goals, but never tackle them head on.

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand :: assassination, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, war

After the following events, all the countries were ready for war, they expected it. Things were brewing from all 6 countries (Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia). The two alliances- Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia, formed in 1907) and the Triple Alliance (Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany, formed in 1882)-just needed a spark to ignite the war. This spark that possibly became the most likely cause of the start of war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was hated by the Bosnian people, because he made it clear that when he became emperor, things would change for his countries benefit and also because of the Balkan Crisis (when Austria Hungary gained control of Bosnia Herzegovina in 1908). Of course everyone was nationalist in those days. Everyone believed that their country was the best, the richest and the most powerful. They believed that they had the biggest empire and each person patriot to one’s country. Obviously did not like being ruled by another country especially a country that’s in the triple alliance. But many small countries did fear Austria-Hungary, because of one man who was powerful and rich. On 28th June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife (Sophia)-were killed by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, while on formal visit to Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia/Herzegovina). He and his wife were there to inspect the Austro-Hungarian troops. A Serbian terrorist group (named the Black Hand) had heard about the news of the Archduke’s visit and had planned several attacks to end his life. All seven young men of the group were specially trained in marksmanship and bomb throwing. Each was stationed along the route that the Archduke’s car would go. The first two terrorists were unable to throw there bombs because the street was too crowded, and the car was traveling quite fast. The third terrorist threw a grenade which exploded on the car after the Archduke’s. Although the archduke and his wife were unhurt, some of his attendants were injured and had to be taken to hospital. The Archduke insisted on visiting them at the hospital. But on the way there, the driver took a wrong turn and had to reverse. Gavrilo decided to take this chance and fired two bullets through the window. The first hit the pregnant Sophia in the stomach, which she died almost instantly.

English Studies Reflection paper Essay

One should assume that in taking an Intro to English course that they would be formally and informally introduced to English. However, that assumption escaped me. I didn’t know that we would explore so many avenues for English as a major, but I’m pleased that we did. This journey through the various areas of English has both enlightened me and piqued my interest. While I entered into this course feeling very confident with the path that I wanted to travel, I am now a bit more open-minded about additional ways to reach my destination; which is English Education. As an English teacher I can see the roles that each area of study that we covered could potentially play in education for me as well as my future students. When I consider Publishing Studies and what it has to offer, I immediately think of projects I could assign my students. Publishing studies takes a book in its skeletal state and constructs all the layers until it becomes a live and fully functioning piece of art. Publishing studies in a sense is the production phase of the books we read. It is where the book goes to develop. It starts with the brains of the operation or the writer. Once the writer creates the manuscript it is then passed on to the heartbeat of the process. There are various organs within that cause the heart to function. Those organs include the designer of the cover, the designer of the layout and even the editors. The area of production studies is a well-oiled machine working to produce the fully developed body of the writers’ creation. However, without linguistics what words would the writer use to even create such a masterpiece?

Bart Simpson: Horney’s Psychoanalytic Social Theory Essay

Psychology of Personality Bart Simpson is the oldest son of Homer and Marge Simpson on the Fox TV show The Simpsons. At only 10 years of age, Bart has already established himself in the community and in his family as a trouble-maker. He is the oldest child in his family with two younger sister, Maggie and Lisa. To Karen Horney, Bart’s experiences with his parents would greatly influence his future personality. Bart’s interactions with his father, Homer, provide a perfect situation for the analysis of a parents influence on personality development. Homer’s relationship with Bart and the other children is very dysfunctional to say the least. His interactions with his son most often consist of a highly angered reaction to something that Bart has done at which point Homer lashes out, strangling Bart. According to Horney, when children experience a lack of affection from their parents this can lead to future feelings of isolation. The anxiety that stems from these feelings effect one’s interactions with other people; whether the are withdrawn, move toward, or move against others. We can see from Bart’s interactions with others on the show that he is actively moving against others. His behavior is often defiant and he strives to master every situation he finds himself in. As he exploits the weaknesses of others to gain respect and attention, he is working to relieve the feelings of basic anxiety that stem from his realtionship with his father. Bart has two true friends, Milhouse and Ralph Wiggum, both of whom are outcasts socially and look to Bart as a leader. These types of relationships, according to Horneyian theory, satisfy Bart’s neurotic need for power and exploit as well as his neurotic need for personal admiration. As Bart’s interpersonal relationships have been effected by his relationship with his father, so too has his perception of himself. Horney believed that basic anxiety can also have intrapsychic consequences as well. Bart’s earlier conflicts with his father could effect his journey towards self-realization and result in an idealized self-image and a neurotic search for glory. That Bart has an idealized self-image is apparent from his behavior an can be observed as he acts out against authority as if there are no consequences for his actions. His belief that he is in control  of every situation is an example of the neurotic perception of his own â€Å"exalted faculties.† Bart’s relationship with his father, following Horneyian Psychoanalytic Social Theory, would greatly impact his personality development. To anyone who has seen The Simpsons, it is obvious that Bart’s anti-social behavior is a product of his dysfunctional family life and specifically, his realtionship with his father.

The Abc

HOLY TRINITY SCHOOL 4U BIOLOGY 2012/2013 Independent Study Project: Homeostasis, Maintaining Balance In these investigations, students will be involved in the initiating and planning of a scientific study. You will be performing library research, then designing and implementing a study in which you will record, analyze, interpret, and communicate your research and data. A formal written report as well as an oral presentation of this information to your peers will be required.Students will be expected to demonstrate skill in: – using safe lab techniques – designing properly controlled investigations to test hypotheses concerning selected variables – describing, recording and interpreting data from the above investigations – writing a formal report of their findings – preparing and teaching information to their classmates on their study topic The area of Homeostasis gives opportunity for varied and interesting research.Many different types of organism s are available for study, from invertebrates such as worms or insects, to larger organisms like plants, mice, dogs, cats, horses, or humans. Topics that can be investigated are not restricted to this broad area, but might look at areas such as †¢ homeostatic processes involved in maintaining water, ionic, thermal, and acid-base equilibria in response to both a changing environment and medical treatments (e. g. investigate the feedback mechanisms involved in water balance or thermo-regulation; study the buffering system of blood; investigate the operation of the nervous system or endocrine system; study how chemotherapy affects homeostasis); †¢ the mammalian immunological response to a viral or bacterial infection; †¢ the impact of environmental factors such as allergens on homeostasis within an organism. †¢ physiological effects of drinking coffee or using sports drinks and performance †¢ invertebrate responses to external stimuli (e. g. , nstinctive behavi our in response to chemical stimuli or light); †¢ impact of environmental factors on the growth and propagation of bacteria or plants †¢ the effect of dietary supplements on health; study the effect of taking large quantities of vitamins or amino acids; determine whether substances or practices people use to cope with stress actually work Students may work in pairs, but you should be aware that one report is submitted, with both partners receiving the same mark. There are both benefits and pitfalls to working with a partner, so think carefully about this option if you decide to take it. I will expect the paper to be between 2000-4000 words in length, but the presentation length will not be doubled). Please take note of the following requirements and timelines. Although all due dates are negotiable well in advance, I will expect people to commit to them and maintain a progressive approach to their work. Specific Requirements: Topic proposal-completed sheet stating the organ ism and problem you plan to investigate Journal-a diary recording: Date Description (BRIEFLY) Time spent on a daily basis e. . Jan. 14 surfed Web for topics 30 minutes Resources-identify at least two books, two journals and two Internet sources, with a paragraph describing the information you expect to use from each of them (i. e. six paragraphs) Method-outline the actual equipment, procedures, and measurements to be done Rough notes-hand written outline of essay (NOT a rough draft) or digital files (CD, USB, whatever) Final paper-1000 to 2000 words, plus table of contents, data, charts, graphs proper referencing with Reference List Presentation -a ten minute (max. ) summary of your work, including a one-page handout for the class. Due Dates:Topic proposal +Journal entriesMon/Tues, Jan. 21/22 Resources +Journal entriesThurs/Fri Jan. 31/Feb 1 Method +Journal entriesWed/Thurs Feb. 6/7 Rough notes+Journal entriesWed/Thurs Mar. 6/7 Final paper+Journal completeWed/Thurs, Apr. 10/11 Prese ntations Wed, Fri, Tues Apr. 10, 12, 16 Thur, Mon, WedApr. 11, 15, 17

Introduction of Apple Company

Apple Inc, is an American multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing consumer electronics and closely-related software products. Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Apple develops, sells, and supports a series of personal computers, portable media players, computer software, and computer hardware accessories; Apple is also currently involved in the creation of new technology concepts, such as the iPhone, Apple TV, and many features of its new, upcoming operating system, Mac OS X â€Å"Leopard†.Apple also operates an online store for hardware and software purchases, as well as the iTunes Store, a comprehensive offering of digital downloadable music, audiobooks, games, music videos, TV shows, and movies. The company’s best-known hardware products include the Mac line of personal computers and related peripherals, the iPod line of portable media players, and the iPhone, which has a confirmed release date of June 29 2007 in the U. S. Appleâ₠¬â„¢s best known software products include the Mac OS operating system and the iLife software suite, a bundle of integrated amateur creative software products. Both Mac OS and iLife are included on all Macs sold. )Additionally, Apple is also a major provider of professional (as well as â€Å"prosumer†) audio- and film-industry software products. Apple’s professional and â€Å"prosumer† applications, which run primarily on Mac computers, include Final Cut Pro, Logic Audio, Final Cut Studio, and related industry tools. Apple had worldwide annual sales in its fiscal year 2006 (ending September 30, 2006) of US$19. 3 billion. The company, first incorporated January 3, 1977, was known as Apple Computer, Inc. or its first 30 years. On January 9, 2007, The company dropped â€Å"Computer† from its corporate name to reflect that Apple, once best known for its computer products, now offers a broader array of consumer electronics products. The name change, which foll owed Apple’s announcement of its new iPhone smartphone and Apple TV digital video system, is representative of the company’s ongoing expansion into the consumer electronics market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers.In 1977, the Apple II computer became the first personal computer to include color graphics. Steve Jobs created a sleek plastic case design for the new system having drawn his inspiration from the calculators cases he saw being produced at Hewlett Packard; previously, computer cases had been manufactured out of sheet metal. The Apple II was a major success with earnings of close to $139 million within only three years. People began to take notice of the young company.In 1981, Steve Jobs introduced the Apple III computer. Because of a flaw in the computer’s design the first 14,000 units were recalled which in turn caused sales of the system to taper off. In 1983, with its dynamic growth, Steve Jobs figured that Apple could use a professional CEO, feeling that he did not have the necessary experience to keep the position. He personally recruited John Sculley, president of Pepsi Co. , as Apple’s new Chief Executive Officer.The same year, Apple announced the release of the first personal computer that would be almost entirely mouse-based. This revolutionary new system would be called the Lisa. Unfortunately, the Lisa’s retail price of $9,995 made it cost prohibitive for the majority of the general public. Having been removed from the Lisa team, Steve Jobs joined the staff of a smaller project at Apple. He headed the design of a new computer system for the home market that would retail for a more price friendly $500. This proposed system was later named the Macintosh.The emphasis on the design of the Macintosh was in simplicity; Steve Jobs wanted it to appeal to the average computer user. The Macintosh was eventually fitted with a number of the Lisa’s GUI features. Like the Lisa, the Macin tosh’s operating system lacked function keys which forced users to rely on the mouse to navigate through the operating system. The Macintosh contained 128K of memory which was twice that of the equivalent PC at the time and a 32-bit microprocessor which outclassed the PC’s 16-bit microprocessor

Human Health Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Health Risk - Essay Example The Safe Drinking Water Act calls for security plans of water systems utilizing groundwater sources. The process involves in protecting the surface area above an aquifer from contaminations infiltrating into the groundwater (http://www.lenntech.Com/groundwater /contamination.htm#ixzz0XC smocST, retrieved 18 Nov. 09). Pure water comprises of indispensable chemical constituents of water. Drinking water generally contains a certain quantity of minerals, which it gets from its source, storage conditions, treatment, supply, and household plumbing system and their conditions. These minerals and components mostly take place at very low degrees and do not present a major risk to human or animal health (http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol /groundwa/groundwa.html, retrieved 20 November 2009). A broad range of chemical compounds can lead to contamination of groundwater if released to the underground environs. They are organic and synthetic compounds, inorganic compounds, like pesticides, and other pollutants. Since drinking water arrangements obtain their water from groundwater origins so if the source is polluted then naturally the drinking water is also contaminated (http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol /groundwa/groundwa.html, retrieved 20 November 2009). Groundwater is in constant motion; even though the rate of its movement is normally slow than the water movement in a stream. The reason behind the slow motion is that the ground water has to pass by the complex passages between open spaces inside the rock. Initially the groundwater moves down as a result of the pull of gravity. Groundwater can also move up as it flows from high-pressure regions to low pressure regions (http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol/groundwa/groundwa.html, retrieved 20 November 2009). The chemical contamination mentioned above is known as "point sources" of water contamination. Chemical pollution in water will have the same effect as that of any other kind of