Migration From The United States - 1816 Words

With origins that can be traced to the mid-nineteenth century, migration from Mexico to the United States has constituted the greatest consistent movement of migrant labor encompassing both the previous and current centuries. There have been a number of periodizations of this history, including one consisting of basic timeframes, which are 1900 to 1930, 1942 to 1964, and the 1980s to the present. This chronological approach focuses on industrial enterprises and/or economic policies originating from the U.S. enacted with the acquiescence of elites in Mexico. The guest worker program agreed to by Mexico and the United States known as the Bracero Program (1942 to 1964) increased the border area population and significantly has impacted the†¦show more content†¦Mexico’s sustained economic boom, which had begun in the 1940s, suddenly ended during a global economic recession in 1982. During the Carter presidency (1976 to 1980), the public mood turned increasingly critical of migration, which was shared by that administration with its â€Å"Tortilla Curtain,† a failed 1978 attempt at controlling the border in El Paso, Texas, which incurred criticism ranging from human rights advocates to business interests. MID-1980s TO THE PRESENT The mid-1980s marked the initial instance in which persistent and increasing migration flows occurred in areas beyond the usual American gateway states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Illinois. The southern U.S. became a prime destination due to growing economic opportunity, although its Hispanic arrivals had to acclimate to the racial climate in that region which they were able to do given a greater acceptance of the white population of them relative to black residents. The Immigration Reform and Control Act/IRCA (1986) marked the beginning of the current period of migration from Mexico. As a result of this impactful law, almost 2.5 million Mexicans attained U.S. legal status. This development along with a growing militarized border area

Ebola Research Paper - 773 Words

Mickey: The government already tracks fathers who are out of work through the monthly unemployment reports. The FBI also already tracks mentally ill people who murdered through crime statistics on its website. Shirley: I was not writing about the statistics of unemployed fathers. I am suggesting an emerging technology that takes the data of the unemployed fathers and the data of industries that are suffering from labor shortages and matches them. The question is: Why are there severe labor shortages forcing some industries to close or not expand, given that there are a lot of unemployed men? Demitrius pointed in his post this week that many people do not have internet access, thus an app may be able to help to connect the†¦show more content†¦Consider: Fact 1; Population of California: 39 million Fact 2: Bubonic Plague 200 million Fact 3: Spanish Flu 1918: 50 million died. (Wood, 2013) Mikey: Furthermore, infection is based zero percent on health insurance. Shirley: What do you based this statement on? What evidence supports your statement? Mikey: The other disease you mentioned, measles, has standard vaccination given to all infants regardless of health insurance. It is also cheap and costs anywhere from $67 to $190 dollars, according to the CDC. Your local minute clinic at a CVS will do it for $75. This vaccination is required for entrance into any public school and costs less than your real estate taxes that fund public schools. Shirley: Why do you keep saying â€Å"you† It is an assumption. Do you know if I live near a CVS? Given that Walden accepts students around the globe, why are you assuming I live near a CVS or have a local clinic or that my government requires it as entrance to public school. Or perhaps, I homeschool.Moreover, the people or â€Å"the you† (your term Mikey) that are the potential uninsured in my post that you are responding to are disabled people, elderly, many who live on $730.00 to $1200.00 a month. There is nothing left over. Two dollars or even eighty dollars presents huge hurdles for such a population. Again, my point is social scientist needs to be consulted. You assumption that measle vaccine is freely available to all is assumption. What are youShow MoreRelatedThe History and Treatments of the Virus Ebola Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesConsider this. What if I told you that a virus could kill nine out of these ten people and there was nothing you could do to stop it? It is a scary thought, but one that carries real substance in various regions of Africa. In this paper, I will inform you on the virus known as â€Å"Ebola† which will include its history, inner workings, signs/symptoms, treatment, and prevention. As a precaution, I must warn you that some of this information is not for the faint of heart. 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A Portrait of Mona Lisa Essay Example For Students

A Portrait of Mona Lisa Essay Art is a traditional work that is painted in many different pattern of objects. Many people create portraits of art as an expression of how they feel. In the modern world, art is shown in different cities, subways, parks and etc. The greatest art was created in the early century and was called a masterpiece. This portrait was known as the greatest masterpiece ever to be painted. It was painted in the asss. The way Leonardo Dad Vinci used the lines in the painting was extraordinary. The lines is one f the most important elements of art that abstracted into a great piece of work. The lines did not illustrate any pattern of moving. The lines were mostly a combination of vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and contour lines. Many lines were cured and straight. The lines also varied in thickness. The painting had a variety of color, texture, and continuity. While viewing the picture, I did not notice any gesture lines in which would indicate action of movement of the woman. The artist did a good Job of outlining and use contour lines to make the painting a more 3 dimensional. The lady in the portrait had a mystifying gaze. Dad Vinci used a shadowing technique at the corners of her lips and eyes that made her look like a real human. This was a new trend in art at this time period. The landscape faded to create depth in the background. The landscape was uneven on both sides of the lady in the center of the portrait. The painting is meaningful because Leonardo Dad Vinci created a new pose that still exist until this day. At that time period artist only used full length or side view portrait unlike the Mona Lisa. This emphasized evolution in art and inspired other great art forms to be created. Leonardo truly captured the beauty of the lady e painted. Her posture magnetite the viewers eyes to her face. The way her hands cross with her shoulders. This is what made the portrait a masterpiece. This masterpiece is very unique and stands out a piece of art that changed art for many years to come. In conclusion, Dad Vinci created an ordinary picture that became a beautiful masterpiece. The Mona Lisa was a well- known piece of artwork all over the world. He created many other drawings that he was recognized for. Dad Vinci was a great painter but what made him famous was his drawings. Reference 1 . Www. Tautologically. Com/Mona-Lisa By mysterious

Analysis Of The Article Media Bias Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of The Article Media Bias Essay Upon researching Journalism, I was presented with two outstanding texts that I thought were very crucial towards laying the foundation for a framework that critiques Journalism followed by smaller other texts. The first source I chose was entitled, â€Å"Media Bias: How to Spot It-And How to Fight It.† The article was written by media Analyst and FAIR (Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting) member, Peter Hart. Hart asserts that there are three components of Journalism that â€Å"lack initiatives† when, â€Å"identifying examples of poor reporting, neglected context, and the reluctance to change status-quo notions and conventional wisdom.† I thought this was necessary for my paper and its reputability because of its definitive explanation, through three tensions, of how journalism fails to represent a topic in a just and fair manner. My paper is focused primarily on the last aspect that Hart mentions which displays the often vague and deceptive techniques news outlets use to promote a particular agenda within America. The agenda is broken down by the familiar bipartisan divide known as Democrats and Republicans. Hart’s article is broken up into sections that identify different topics within his critique. Some of the subsections can be found to be titled as follows, â€Å"How to Read the Media, The Big Question: Why?† and â€Å"Restricting Debate on Trade and Health.† Each subsection highlights his view of that particular topic under the realm of Journalism. He supports his viewpoint through research conducted by his organization FAIR. He immediately describes Journalism in a manner that recognizes his own bias through FAIR’s corporate bias incentives but justifies it by recognizing that their purpose is to critique Journalism. Consequently, Hart’s ability t. .e so there are no confusing aspects of my thesis let alone my argument. The reader should not misinterpret my intentions if I follow this format. Overly detailed explanations of primary ideas will only serve to help my writing, even when explaining key words and phrases that might be ambiguous. I will be sure to use an abundance of transitional phrases and well organized topics to allow proper flow and cohesion. Then, upon engaging in an argument, I will follow the same formula but with explicitly cited commentary within each section that has a tension which will be signaled to my reader. This will avoid the more linear function of writing that dictates that an argument has to be made after all of the basic information has been presented. I believe that format can be extremely counterproductive and unappealing to the reader not to mention simplistic and inefficient.

Blowing that “Bubble” Review of Yoshikawa’s Japan’s Lost Decade Essay Example

Blowing that â€Å"Bubble†: Review of Yoshikawa’s Japan’s Lost Decade Essay With his onerous yet insightful analysis, Tokyo University Economics Professor Hiroshi Yoshikawa comprehensively explains in his book Japan’s Lost Decade (2001) how the worlds second largest economy has stagnated in the 1990s and the difficult choices Japan confronted at this crucial moment of transition. After the collapse of the bubble economy of the late 1980s, the 1990’s ushered in with a bleary phenomenon tagged as the Japan’s â€Å"lost decade†. Since this has been one of the most extraordinary economic phenomena, no other country has moved so quickly from the top to the bottom of the worlds economic growth league. What could be the possible causes of the long stagnation of Japan during the 1990s? Since the bubbles burst, economists have focused on the financial problems. A fall in asset prices allegedly had the negative wealth effect on household consumption. Through deterioration of collateral, it also hurt investment of small firms. And banks suffering from bad loans became reluctant to make new loans (kashi-shiburi), and further depressed investment. Three factors have been pointed out to be the main causes of the â€Å"lost decade†, namely, the structural decline in labor input growth (Yoshikawa described the labor market in the â€Å"ice age†), slowdown of the total factor productivity (TFP) growth and the scarcity of demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Blowing that â€Å"Bubble†: Review of Yoshikawa’s Japan’s Lost Decade specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Blowing that â€Å"Bubble†: Review of Yoshikawa’s Japan’s Lost Decade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Blowing that â€Å"Bubble†: Review of Yoshikawa’s Japan’s Lost Decade specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, the characteristics of the early stages of Japan’s â€Å"bubble economy† saw the rise in land prices, the rates of increases differed greatly depending upon the land use (commercial, residential or industrial) and the location (major population centers such as Tokyo, or elsewhere). In other words, land prices were driven up because of increasingly brisk investment in land by companies, particularly by medium-sized and small non-manufacturing firms, due to rises in expected rates of returns from land in commercial areas in Tokyo, and partly because of erroneous measures implemented by the government, and were not closely related to interest rates. These companies bought up land using funds borrowed from banks, so after the collapse of the bubble economy, their financial state deteriorated drastically and the loans became bad debts. By providing an overview of the Japanese economy, Yoshikawa elaborated the extremely poor performance of corporate investment is the most important factor to explain the long stagnation of the Japanese economy during the 1990’s. Another question that we could draw out in the book is why investment stagnated during that time. The popular answer is a credit crunch caused by bad loans banks hold. There is a good consensus that the effect of credit crunch is much more serious on investment of small firms than that of large firms because large firms have better access to capital markets. On the other hand, much controversy is bared as two groups have differing views on the real causes of the â€Å"lost decade.† A group of scholars attributes the disappointing performance to a lack of effective demand and a liquidity trap caused by deflation, while another group points out that there are several important supply-side factors, which reduced Japan’s economic growth. For example, Japan’s aging population and a gradual reduction in the statutory work-week have contributed to a slowdown in the growth of labor input. Japan also experienced a decline in total factor productivity (TFP), which has important effects on economic growth not only because it reduces output growth by itself but also because it diminishes the rate of return to capital and discourages private investment (Motonishi and Yoshikawa, 1991). Although there are as many different estimates for Japan’s recent TFP growth as there are studies on this issue, most economists seem to agree that Japan’s TFP growth substantially declined in the 1990s. Probably the most popular explanation of Japan’s TFP growth slowdown is the â€Å"zombie† hypothesis. This states that in order to conceal their bad loans, Japanese banks have been keeping alive money-losing large borrowers by â€Å"evergreening† loans and discounting lending rates, although the chance that these borrowers will recover is slim (Caballero, Hoshi and Kashyap 2004). Because of the existence of zombie firms, the entry and growth of more productive firms are impeded and TFP growth slows down in industries infested by zombies (Ahearne and Shinada 2004). Japanese banks’ bad loans are concentrated in non-manufacturing sectors, such as real estate, construction, commerce, and services, since a major cause of the bad loans is the burst of the land price bubble in the early 1990s. The effects of the real factor on investment are much more significant than those of the financial factor. In particular, a fall of investment during 1992 to 1994 was basically caused by worsening real profitability; during the same period, financial factor was supportive. However, beginning 1997 amid recession, the credit crunch finally occurred. Based on Yoshikawa’s investment equations, the estimates of the effects of the credit crunch on investment as a whole. If the circumstances in Japan’s â€Å"lost decade† are viewed from the aspect of the macroeconomics, the parties selling land to companies at inflated prices during the bubble economy were households. Therefore, households realized huge capital gains by selling land to companies at high prices. A more detailed investigation into the capital gains made by households revealed that during the bubble economy a very limited number of households with high income realized huge capital gains, while most households saw little rise in their assets. The enormous gains realized by very few households were deposited and did not lead to effective demand. Overall, Yoshikawa showed in his book on how Japans financial bureaucrats blindly ignored the obvious collapse of the bubble for well over a year, simply because they had already decided to pursue fiscal austerity. Yoshikawa used a strict facts-based approach to convincingly demonstrate that the stagnation of the Japanese economy is due to an exceptionally long-term shortage of aggregate demand. This makes his book an indicator of the lessons learned during the time of Japan’s lost decade as their mistakes should be taken into perspective. As Japanese firms strive to sustain their competitive advantage in their superior ability, the lost decade must just be a thing of the past.

Good Man vs. Good Citizen - Plato essays

Good Man vs. Good Citizen - Plato essays Good Man v. Good Citizen: Platos View When Plato writes about the struggle between the good person and the good citizen in The Last Days of Socrates, there seems to be an overlapping of the two because they are so closely related. Socrates says that [A man] has only one thing to consider in performing any action; that is whether he is acting justly or unjustly, like a good man or a bad one (Apology, 28 b-c). It seems that, even when considering whether or not to be a good citizen and follow orders and laws without exception, one must decide whether or not his actions will be just. This is refuted, however, when Socrates says in Apology, 28d When a man has once taken up his stand, either because it seems best to him or in obedience to his orders, there I believe he is bound to remain and face the danger, taking account of death or anything else before dishonour and in Apology, 29b that to disobey my superior, whether god or man, is bad and dishonourable. By this reasoning, being a good man would require following the orders, not only of the gods, but of earthly superiors and, therefore, being a good citizen. The idea of dishonour seems to be a significant downfall of a good person in Platos writing and, therefore, must have been a major part of Athenian life. Socrates argument with Crito support these ideas of dishonour and justice with regard to being Plato argues that a man must follow the laws of his State because if the legal judgment which are pronounced in [a State] have no force but are nullified and destroyed by private persons the State and its laws are all also threatened with destruction (Crito, 50b). Platos reasoning in Crito then follows that threatening to destroy the State and its laws (Socrates escaping) in retaliation of an unjust action of ...

Sash Sliding windows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sash Sliding windows - Essay Example The complete unit is housed in a jamb groove (Jackson & Day 2009, p.183). The spiral balances can be used to replace window weights in old sash windows. First, the sashes are removed and weighed on the bathroom scale. Secondly, determine the weight of each sash, height, width and overall inside height of the window frame to ensure that the right sashes are ordered for and delivered. The sashes are then reinstalled until the balances are delivered. The sashes are then removed as well as the pulleys. Wood filler is used to plug the holes, as grooves are cut according to the specifications of the manufacturer to fit the stales of each sash to accommodate the balances. A mortise is cut at each end of the bottom edges to receive the spiral rod mounting plates. The plates are then installed with screws. The top sash is pushed in place as the top pair of balances that are shorter than the bottom sash then each is installed in its groove (Chudley & Greeno 2013, p.24). The top ends of the balance are attached to the top ends of the balance tubes to the frame jambs pushing the ends tight to the top jambs. The sash is lifted and propped with a scrap of wood. The key is hooked with balances into the end of each spiral rod and the tension adjusted according to manufacturer’s instructions. The end of each rod is attached to be mounting plate and the test balance of the sash. If it drops, ensure that another turn is added until it is held in the right position. Care should be taken so that the balances are not overwound. The bottom sash and balances are installed in the same way. Stops that limit full crewel of the sashes in respective tracks are placed. Sash windows are recognised for their aesthetic and conservative value to the homes and commercial buildings. The windows are simple to scrub and keep, are sustainable to the environment since they have excess energy ratings, are air

Use Of Benford's Law In Fraud Investigation Essay

Use Of Benford's Law In Fraud Investigation - Essay Example it is surmised that when used appropriately and prudently, Benford’s Law presents itself as useful tool in investigating fraud, particularly in relation to accounting and auditing situations. The mathematical validation of the law and the technological advances in the recent past, which facilitate faster and easier programs for digital analysis, have enhanced the usefulness of the law in detecting fraud, as the law is increasing used by forensic accountants and auditors. The cases discussed in the course of the paper demonstrate the usefulness of the law in detecting fraud in real life situations. However, it is important to note that the detection and establishment of fraud in the legal sense of the term calls for further analysis and Benford’s law is only a facilitator in detecting fraud, albeit an effective facilitator. Given the caution in SAS No. 99 that traditional statistical methods only provide broad indications of fraud, and the increasing incidences of white-collar crimes, the usefulness and applicability of Benford’s law in fraud investigation assumes greater significance. Benford’s law, is particularly useful as it conducts â€Å"digit by digit† analysis and helps in identifying the fraud exactly, despite the huge scale and size of data.

ECONOMICS OF POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION Research Paper

ECONOMICS OF POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION - Research Paper Example This makes an exploration of this idea complicated by the idea of the life of the person at immanent risk of homelessness as something that is expressive of the perspective of those who define them, and therefore may, wittingly or not, make class-struggle dynamics more a part of the equation than a lot of people may realize. That is, to define those who are at risk and be so explicitly brought down by them, or rather by those who oppress them, suggests a position that is far from an objective experience of the actual life of the homeless, who may or may not be aware of the rituals of definition which make their experience so singularly bitter. From this perspective, the poverty of the individual seems like more of a forced choice than a willing obligation. To avoid confusion, then, those who are immanently homeless still have their basic needs met, which are shelter food and water and clothes. But those who are homeless are beginning to lose these basic needs and lose touch with the society that provides them. This is the main difference in terms of the distinctions of immanent and real homelessness. This sets up a classification system of the poor and homeless, so that it is at least clear exactly about whom someone is speaking when they name the actual and immanent homeless. The definitions which can be provided in terms of this difference are largely classical and do not have the same attenuation that is placed in other sections of experience on modern equivalencies of the welfare state as it exists today; nonetheless, perhaps the classical definitional structure of immanence versus actuality in referring to the poor and homeless is made more clear by its presentation as a set of unchanging categories that includes the poor, the al most-homeless, and the homeless. It seems that this set of categories could be expanded, and that we could expand this definition by adding that although these are specific categories into which the poor and homeless can be

Product Hopping Case Study Analysis

Product Hopping Case Study Analysis

No Love Lost Essay -- Literary Analysis, A Doll’s House

For a play about marriage A Doll’s House does not have much love in it. All of the characters claim to love each other, but are really concealing other emotions. The expectations of society have forced them into love that they do not feel. This false love is what causes them to fall apart in the end. The play is riddled with marriages that are born out of convenience or expectation rather than love. Every character only loves in ways that they are expected to, and only continue to love for convenience’s sake. There is no love in A Doll’s House. Torvald treats Nora as a child, not an equal; he is not really in love with her. The most glaring examples of this are his pet names for her. He likes to think of her as a small, delicate creature that needs saving and protecting. Although this may seem like normal fare for a loving marriage, he takes it too far. Nora is not the type of woman that appreciates this sort of treatment, so it turns from affectionate to demeaning. He thinks that demeaning his wife is not only acceptable, but normal for a relationship saying â€Å"I wouldn’t be a man if your feminine vulnerability didn’t make you doubly attractive to me†(82). This is not a good base for their relationship, as it prevents him from giving Nora the kind of attention that she needs. She does not need the kind of doting attention that he gives her, she wants to talk as an equal. She want to be â€Å"bothered †¦ with all sorts of problems [she] couldn’t possibly helped [him] to cope with† (84) as that would allow her to help her with his life, and give them the kind of relationship that Nora needs to survive. He does not love her, he loves treating her this way. As a matter of fact, Nora describes his relationship with her best, when she says... ... â€Å"[he’ll] be able to find a way to redeem [himself] in people’s eyes†(69). He does not love her, he needs the social support. They have found each other after having being lost for many years, but it is not a romantic reunion. It is a calculation on both of their parts for their own greater individual happiness. A Doll’s House contains many relationships, but all of them are bad. From convenience to infatuation, Ibsen’s work seems to be a manual on bad reasons to love someone. Every single character has some personalized version of love, and none of them seem to bear any resemblance to real love. Whether they find it convenient to love for respect or because love was their only choice at the time, none of them know real love. It is as though Ibsen wanted to show how some of the many reasons for love at the time were wrong and would lead to problems later in life.

Mixed Media Art Essay

Several pieces ranging from sculpture, mix media and physical objects, all the collections of two artists Bergstedt and Ritter, both very well known artists in the San Francisco area came to Merced College art gallery on February 20, 2013. Both artists show there visual characteristics that define their artistic style. At first glance the room reminded me of a childlike setting where everything is just spread across the room instead of being carefully organized. The imagery of these works is cartoonish, childlike, simple and one dimensional. As one walks into the gallery, it feels like one enters a funhouse filled with colorful and whimsical wall sculptures. â€Å"More things to do† and â€Å"Following the Tread â€Å", were among the favorites of visual art work that I admired. Ritter’s ability to portray the dynamic relationships she has with her family relationships: parents and children, and members of her own family, drew me to her art work. She was able to show through her vintage brownie dress a turbulent yet inspirational personal life that included having to do daily household chorus that a child of her era was intended and expected to do by telling a story of her family through hand embroidery. I viewed the long orange tie demonstrated a vigorous working young girl, whose work was never and still needs to be done like a long an endless tapestry of her life. Looking at the maternity piece hanging in the corner of the room was truly my most favorite piece, I couldn’t help but take my eyes off of the picture and felt her sense of how much she loved her son. She explained to me that the Dr. told her that back in those days it was not good for the baby to sleep with you in your bed, and how she was portraying the anguish and guilt of not having her son close to her during those times. To me this piece lets me see her pieces through her eyes and takes me to a more spiritual and memorable time in her life. All of her sculptures of pregnant women offered no clear opinions or solutions. But, in retrospect, Ritter’s Pregnancy endures as both a portrait of a person and a picture of a time. After talking with Mrs. Ritter she clarified what I was thinking, that her art wor k is a visual like storytelling of her life’s family stories by using hand embroidery to stitching, appliquà ©ÃŒ , photo transfer & mixed media on vintage books & clothing, some of which she said she inherited. Moving on I came across some of Marie Bergstedt artistry, â€Å"Summer† the piece next to the open door was very playful and whimsical, the way she used buttons to portray a women like figure as if she was covered in sea shells on a hot a muggy day ready for some sun and beach. â€Å"Telephone tales† a visual colorful artwork of buttons and crocheting was inspired by her foster mother. â€Å"Girl and Milk Can† was a delightful its fibers were Cotton threads, buttons, beads, polyester velour, leather, manufactured felt, wire, polyester stuffing, and the young girl sat on antique milk can reminded me of the days growing up on a dairy and as a young girl just trying to find a place to sit. Although I found most of the artwork to be visual stimulating and eye catching I was taken back with the one shirt that hung in the corner of the room. I was not a big fan of it, I felt as if it was just a basic old shirt that hung in closet for years. For me this piece did not come at me or have any magical qualities as all of the other pieces did. Talking with Marie Bergstedt and Roz Ritter you can get a feel of what their lives must have been like. From there intricate pieces of a sculpture that were from torn and degenerated antique pieces along with new fibers, wire, and button you can visually see these two women sitting and sculpturing there pieces. When I first saw Marie Bergstedt and Roz Ritter artwork, I thought I was looking at collage on lace. Only closer inspection showed that what I perceived as crochet and cutwork was actually hand drawings. Roz also fills the white space of her drawings with collage elements and sometimes pierces the paper with needlepoint pricks, a crafting tradition that goes back to the early 19th century. Mixed media artists create visual works of art using a variety of tools and substances, frequently moving well beyond the traditional. Surfaces and substances found in mixed media artwork include typical artistic implements but expand to non-traditional materials. Mixed media art comes in multiple forms, including collage, assemblage, photomontage, and sculpture. Many mixed media projects are layered, making foundation and timing two of the most important considerations for mixed media artists. Themes of vintage needlecraft and women and their societal roles are woven throughout the artist’s work. It feels as if you are connecting to the past.

The Choice between A Pro-Life and A Pro-Choice Essays

The Choice between A Pro-Life and A Pro-Choice Essays The Choice between A Pro-Life and A Pro-Choice Paper The Choice between A Pro-Life and A Pro-Choice Paper Abortion has long been a controversial topic. Many Americans feel strongly about this subject because it involves such important issues as life and death, ones religious beliefs, the health of women and who controls women’s bodies. Can anything new be said about abortion? After more than a quarter of a century of an insane consideration one might think not. But there is at least one point of view that is hardly ever heard the screams of â€Å"Murder! † and â€Å"keep your prayers off my ovaries! † It deserves a full and reasoned explanation, but it might even give off some light on the controversies about the truth of Dr.  Henry Foster as Surgeon General and about disturbances of abortion clinics. It is that abortion is excusable only in extreme cases, however the state must respect the right to get and perform abortions. In other words, it is possible to be both a pro-life and a pro-choice. PRO-LIFE AND PRO-CHOICE: As many people of both sexes instinctively recognize, abortion has to be looked at as a question not of law, but of right and moral conduct. Begin then with the position, common to most religions and many naturalistic systems of morality, of respect for life-all life, but especially human. It seems impossible to deny that the developing fetus is a possible human being. The fetus from the very beginning is provided with all the genetic information that will enable its development into a full human person. Which is to say never. An abortion is not exactly a murder and in most legal codes and systems of morality there is such a thing as excusable homicide. It might be helpful to look at the case from a perspective other than the Orthodox Christian one. Any act that increases the total of human suffering is immoral, and any act that reduces suffering is moral. Some births that result from rape or threaten the mother’s life could increase suffering, and the abortions that prevent them are sadly excusable. But those are the easy cases. What of the pregnant 16-year-old, seduced and abandoned by an older man who refuses to take responsibility, disowned by her parents, with no prospects for anything but a life of poverty and welfare dependency? Does the suffering she and the child would undergo if it was born outweigh the horror of sniffing out a possible human personality? It is a close call and exactly the kind of tortured moral judgment that the government has no business making. A non-totalitarian state must leave such judgments to its citizens to make for themselves, according to their individual ideas of religion and justice. Murders meet both conditions; it is sentenced by nearly every known system of morality, and civilized life would be impossible in a community that allowed citizens to kill one another without punishment. Prohibition might perhaps be excused on public safety grounds, given the fights, violence and fatal accidents resulting largely from alcohol abuse. But it fails unmistakably because too many citizens refuse to regard the drinking of alcohol as immoral to make its prohibition excusable or enforceable. Sometimes an unwanted pregnancy can interrupt a woman’s life. Having children can interrupt women’s life. Having children can effect the women mentally and emotionally because raising children is not so easy to do. A mother has to be there every time, every second of her life for her baby to take care and to help get through his/her lifetime experience. That is why some women think that their pregnancy can interfere with their education. employment and their health. The Pro-life believer’s believe that an unwanted child is more than likely to live a bad life and to have nobody to depend on when they are growing up and going through a bad time in their life. They also believe that an unwanted child can become a major criminal and might also suffer abuse. But some Pro-choice believers believe that women who want to abort her baby should instead give her baby up for an adoption. They feel that some women who cannot have children can have a child from another women who was about to abort her child. When does a fetus become a baby? What happens when the choice is between the life of a mother and the life of the unborn? Is an embryo or a fetus the same as a person? Does it enjoy full moral rights, the same to those of a seven-year-old of a seventeen-year-old pregnant woman? You either believe that is so or you don’t. But women who carry their fetus do no keep it hidden, like keeping something in trunk of the car for nine months and then remembering it. So, in order to complete the picture, the Pro-choice believers described the women as cold, selfish, silly baby-haters, who are the enemies. Calling women murderers does the job easy because it is the most common abuse that is used against women outside the abortion clinics. Partial abortion is the final point of an abortion division because it involves the killing of the child during birth. There are a number of different methods for performing partial-birth abortions. Ohio described one method in detail abortionist Dr. Martin Hasdell. He said that this method would involve the controlment of a living baby in the womb with an instrument. Delivering all of the baby feet-first except for the head, making a small hole in the baby’s skull and then putting a suction tube into the babies skull in order for the brain and the skull to collapse. Then finishing the delivery of a dead baby. The described method is commonly used at or on the twentieth week of pregnancy. MYTH AND FACTS ABOUT ABORTION At the time the Constitution was accepted, abortion was commonly performed. Abortion was something the founding fathers would have been aware of, and by reasoning statement, they would not have remained silent about it if they had intended for the government to involve itself in the private lives of its citizens. During this time in history, all surgical procedures, including abortion, were extremely risky. Hospitals were not common; antiseptics were unknown, and even the most respected doctors had only natural medical education’s. Without the technology that we take for granted today, maternal and infant death rates during childbirth were extremely high. The dangers from abortion were similar to the dangers from other surgeries that were not outlawed. Today, their understanding of the consequences of unsafe abortion influences pro-choice advocates who fight for continued access to safe, legal abortion for all women often. We know from history that whenever abortion has been illegal, women have still attempted and succeeded in ending unwanted pregnancies. Unfortunately, they have often suffered serious health problems or died in the process. While the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision was an important turning point in protecting women from unsafe abortion, an understanding of pre-Roe v. Wade years is important for making intelligent public policy decisions regarding reproduction health care in the future. In 1973, the Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade decision made abortion legal for the first time in American history. In the 1800’s, abortion was outlawed because it was so dangerous. Abortion was outlawed because it is immoral. During the period when abortion was illegal, abortion was effectively outlawed and the safety of pregnant women was ensured. Partial-birth abortions are only done in extreme cases involving serious baby deformities or threat to the life of the mother. The pro-choice believers argued partial-birth abortions are not common and are only done at or after the twentieth week of pregnancy. A fetus is not capable of feeling the pain due to the need of development. Pro-Life believers showed that a fetus was not enough developed to experience pain from the procedure. MEDICAL ARGUMENT AGAINST ABORTION The medical arguments against abortion are compelling. For example, at the beginning of the pregnancy the embryo is genetically separated from the mother. To say that the developing baby is no different from the mother’s appendix is scientifically inaccurate. A developing embryo is genetically different from the sperm and the egg that created it. Another set of medical arguments against abortion surround the definition of life and death. If one say of decision may have been used to define death, could they also be used to define life? Death used to be defined by the final heartbeat. A stopped heart was a clear sign of death. If the final heartbeat could define death, could the onset of a heartbeat define life? The heart is formed by the 18th day in the womb. If heartbeat were used to define life, then nearly all abortions would be illegal. A conflict to an abortion also can raise the controversial issue of a fetus pain. Does the fetus feel pain during abortion? The evidence seems fairly clear and agreeable. Consider this statement made in a British medical journal: â€Å"Try sticking an infant with a pin and you know hat happens. She opens her mouth to cry and also pulls away. Try sticking an 8-week-old human fetus in the palm of his hand. He opens his mouth and pulls his hand away. A more technical description would add that changes in heart rate and in fetus movement also suggest that intrauterine manipulations are painful to the fetus. † Obviously, other medical decisions may be used. For example, the developing fetus has a special set of fingerprints as well as genetic patterns that make it special. The development of ultrasound has provided us with a â€Å"window to the womb† showing us that a person is growing and developing in the mother’s womb. We can recognize clearly the eyes, the ears, the fingers, the nose and the mouth. Our visual senses tell us this is a baby growing and maturing inside the womb. The point is simple. Medical science leads to a pro-life point of view rather than a pro-choice point of view. Medical arguments provide a strong case against abortion and for life. LEGAL ARGUMENTS AGAINST ABORTION A second set of arguments would be legal arguments against abortion. The best legal argument against abortion can be seen in the case of Roe v. Wade. It violated standard reasoning. The Supreme Court decided when life begins and then turned around and turned over the laws of 50 different states. The duty of a proof should lie with the life-taker, and the benefit of the doubt should be with the lifesaver. Put in another way: A hunter who hears rustling in the bushes shouldn’t fire until he knows what it is in the bushes. In addition, a Court which doesn’t know when life begins shouldn’t declare-open season on the unborn. The duty of a proof in a law is on the prosecution. The advantage of uncertainty is with the defense. This is also known as taking something for granted of the harmless. The Supreme Court clearly stated that it does not know when life begins and then it braked a promise of the very spirit of this legal principle by acting as if just proved that no life existed in the womb. Just as there are solid medical arguments against abortion, so also there are legal arguments against abortion. Roe vs. Wade was a bad decision that needs to be overturned. PHILOSOPHICAL ARGUMENTS AGAINST ABORTION A third set of arguments against abortion would be philosophical arguments. A key philosophical question is where do you draw the line? Put another way, when does a human being become a person? The Roe case arose out of a Texas law that prohibited legal abortion except to save a woman’s life. At that time, many other states had laws similar to the one in Texas. The effect of those laws was that women turned to someone for help in large numbers to illegal abortions that were dangerous because of poorly trained unsanitary conditions. Jane Roe, a 21-yea-old pregnant woman, represented all women who wanted abortions but could not get them legally and safely because of these laws. Henry Wade was the Texas Attorney General defended the law that made abortions illegal. After hearing the case, the Supreme Court ruled that American’s right to privacy included the right of a woman to decide whether to have children, and the right of a woman and her doctor to make that decision without state interference, at least in the first trimester of pregnancy. The Supreme Courts decision of Roe vs. Wade separated personhood from humanity. In other words, the judges argued that a developing fetus was a human but not a person. Since only persons are given the 14th Amendment protection under the Constitution, the Court argued that abortion could be legal at certain times. This left to doctors; parents of even other judges the responsibility of ones judgment of deciding when personhood should be awarded to human beings. Ethicist Paul Ramsey often warned that any arguments for abortion could logically be also used as an argument for the murder of a baby. As if to explain this, Dr. Francis Crick, of DNA specialist, proved that he was less concerned about the ethics of such correct reasoning extensions and offered a more acceptable definition of personhood. He suggested in the British journal Nature that if â€Å"a child were considered to be legally born when two days old, it could be examined to see whether it was an acceptable member of human society. † Obviously this is not only an argument for abortion but it’s an argument for the murder of a baby. Other line-drawers have suggested a cultural decision for personhood. Ashley Montagu, for example, stated, â€Å"a newborn baby is not truly a human until he or she is molded by cultural influences later. † Again, this is more than just an argument for abortion. It is also an argument for the murder of a baby. In conclusion, we can see that there are many good arguments against abortion. Obviously there are a number of medical, legal, and philosophical arguments against abortion. The bible and logic are on the side of the Christian who want’s to stand for the holiness of human life. Despite this lack of difference, we’re always surprised by the murder of a baby. We don’t blink an eye when we’re told that a million and half children were killed by abortion last year; yet whenever we hear of a born baby that was hit killed, drowned or choked, we stare at the newspaper in disbelief, our head swimming with questions. We wonder, â€Å"Why did that woman kill her baby? Was there something in the harsh cries of her child that drove her insane? † In search of answers, we reassured ourselves that although mothers may get tired and irritated with their children, maternal instinct usually kicks in and helps protect the life of the child. Yet some women just seem unable or unwilling to meet with the commonplace responsibilities of motherhood. There are people every year that get an abortion. I do no believe in this kind of thing, but no one has the right to blow up an abortion clinic. In search of my own answers, I’ve come up with a theory. I believe the current atmosphere of acceptance of legalized child murder leads women to conclude that it’s okay to kill their children. By ignoring the death crimes of million’s of innocent children, society tells women who kill that â€Å"No one will care and that one more child’s premature death is meaningless. I also believe that abortion should be illegal because I believe abortion kills a person who should have legal rights. Many people feel very strongly about not letting people get away with having an abortion and some people are either completely for it or just don’t care. Still, if you bomb a clinic someone who might not have anything to do with the clinic could get killed and what did he or she do to you? Nothing, they just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. There were two abortion clinic bombings recently where people were killed because they either work at an abortion clinic or they have made a decision to get an abortion. People who blow these buildings up are more than likely a member of a religious group, connected with them in some way is, and they themselves think abortion is wrong. These are very hypocritical people. They act innocent and then they go and blow a building up and hurt innocent people while the are at it. In conclusion, no one needs to be doing something so wrong, so illegal, as killing people. Abortions are now legal and what some anti-abortion people are doing is not legal. So, seeing how they are doing the not so legal thing, violent protesting abortion should be stopped. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Issues in law and medicine Bopp. Gr. , James; Cook, Curtisr Partial-Birth Abortion: the final frontier of abortion jurisprudence Dilatation and extraction abortion-Law and legislation-United States Summer 1998 Vol. 14 Issue 1, 3 2. Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth Womens Right On Trial: 101 Historic American trials from Anne Huchinson to the Virginial Military Institute Cadets. 1997 New England Publishing Associates, INC. 164-165, 167-169 3. The New Internationalist Hadley, Janet A Moral Question Abortion-Social Aspects July 1, 1998 Issue 303, 20 4. Herda, D. J. Raw vs. Wade: the abortion question 1994, Enslow Publishing, Inc. 36-42, 47-49, 78-80. 5. Noonan G. R. , John T. The Morality of Abortion: legal and historical perspectives 1970, Harvard University Press 134-135, 185-186, 236-237 6. Terkel, Susan Neiburn Abortion: Facing the Issues Raw vs. Wade-Moral and Ethics of Abortion 1998 13-16, 29-32, 38, 121-125, 127-129 7. Tride, Laurence, H. Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes Pro-choice and Pro-life movement 1990 52,115, 228

Marrying Homosexuals essays

Marrying Homosexuals essays Homosexuals should be allowed to marry because the disallowance of it violates their constitutional rights. Marriage is an institution long recognized by our government under the right to pursue happiness, and denying that right to any couple, regardless of gender, is unconstitutional. This argument, though, is not disputed. In fact, none of the arguments raised in opposition to the allowance of homosexual marriages takes into account the constitutional rights afforded to all humans. The arguments are only in relation to the possible repercussions (real or imagined) of granting these rights. Our nation was built and has always been based on the fundamental principles of freedom expressed in the Declaration of Independence and through our Constitution. The opponents of homosexual marriage need to remember what freedom means to America, and understand the significance of setting a precedent that denies that freedom. The Supreme Court has long recognized that the institution of marriage is one of the rights guaranteed to all Americans by our Constitution. On the Internet, you can find the full text of the following Supreme Court cases. In the case of Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court said, The freedom to marry has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men. In the case of Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur, the Supreme Court said, This Court has long recognized that freedom of personal choice in matters of marriage and family life is one of the liberties protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. At this time, however, marriage is only granted to heterosexual couples. Although homosexuals live under the same constitution, they are not afforded the same rights as heterosexuals. The reasons presented against the allowance of homosexual marriage are flimsy, and have nothing to do with the constitutio...

The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law Research Paper

The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law - Research Paper Example The FEC was created in 1971, but the need for this type of regulation was seen as early as 1905 by President Roosevelt. The idea behind this was to limit the influence that the wealthy would have over the outcome of a specific election, work on regulating the amount spent while campaigning for a federal office, and work to deter abuse of the system by requiring public disclosure of the funds that are spent, and where those funds are allocated. The question becomes since this system was implemented in the 1970s, how well has it worked? Is it an efficient system, and is it effective in accomplishing the goals that have been set for this particular government agency? The FEC has a system of checks and balances in place to where they not only review each report filed by federal candidates and committees, but also a system of enforcement and a system that allows third parties to file complaints if they believe a violation has occurred. The staff reviews each report that they receive, as f iled by a federal candidate or committee in order to make sure that they have complied fully with the disclosure requirements and limits that are imposed on political contributions. In addition, they may generate an enforcement action, referred to as an MUR, or Matter Under Review, during the course of reviewing these reports. If four of the six members that review each specific instance of possible violation of the law believe that a violation has occurred, the MUR will move to the next level of investigation. In the next level of investigation, the Commission uses a form of mediation between the parties who have submitted the report and those who believe the violation has occurred. The agreement reached as a result of these reviews may require a fine be paid, or other actions are taken. If an agreement cannot be reached, however, the Commission may file a suit against the appropriate persons in a U.S. District Court (FEC, 2013). A complaint may also be filed by any concerned third party, which would then go through the same steps as a typical MUR.

Chose an interesting topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chose an interesting topic - Essay Example This leads Alice to be even more frustrated than she was in earlier chapters. While on the surface the way of life in Wonderland seems strange to Alice, this is perhaps because she is not really at home. Not being from Wonderland means that she cannot really understand the mindset of the critters that reside in the area. In this way, she grows increasingly mad at the actions that are taking place around her, when she should be soaking up what is being said and trying to understand what is really happening. Take the fact, for example, that every question Alice asks in chapters six and seven is met with a nonsensical answer. This is completely alien to Alice’s way of life. She was raised, the reader is lead to believe, in a world that has purpose and direction. In her mind, Wonderland lacks both. Her questions, while logical in her former world, are actually illogical to the animals in Wonderland. In this way, the animals and Alice continue to go back and forth, until Alice is on the verge of giving up. It is quite interesting to watch this ‘battle of the minds’ and consider how it will play out through the remainder of the

International Financial Accounting and Social and Environmental Theory Essay

International Financial Accounting and Social and Environmental Theory - Essay Example The primary issue concerning social and environmental theory is the way the society determines developments, goals, and innovations in accounting practice. It is generally agreeable that the society and environment in which accounting practices are applicable affects its development to some extent. However, the extent and the framework with which the social and environmental theory has influenced current accounting practices is a matter of dispute. Actors in this theory are the members of society being users, accountants, and generally stakeholders of accounting practices. Development of Accounting Practices Stakeholders in the society are considered to have control over accounting practices, their developments, and the directions in which such developments take place, to some extent within a given social setting. The influence of practices and developments is referred to as agency, where stakeholders in the society have the ability to influence accounting practices toward attaining some end. The level of accounting practices largely depends upon the kind of environment those stakeholders come from. Social and environmental structures are the interactions of stakeholders with societal cultures and norms that define them. The structures range from those of family setting, organizational and a country in general. It is agreeable that developments, innovations, and the general progress of accounting research varies from one country to another with respect to social, cultural and environmental differences. International financial accounting places its current practices on the heterogeneous aspect, despite globalization and efforts of researchers towards standardizing the practice (Humphrey, 2007, p.74). Institutional, family level and country structures are to some extent the result of stakeholders using and maintaining their use in accounting through a combination of purposive actions and their beliefs. Social and environmental efficacy is the ability of stakehold ers to cause changes in accounting practices, with respect to corporate social responsibilty. Although it is generally considered that people are to some extent products of the society and environments, this consideration does not imply that individuals will possibly decide to resist societal and environmental influences, either collectively or individually. Corporate social responsibility thus brings up treatment of accounting practices as activities of conventional accounting researched with universal preconceptions and assumptions to mainstream financial accounting. This approach assumes that the community is the main user of information and accounting practices in general. More to this approach, corporate social responsibility places environmental and social reporting at the epicenter of an examination of the purpose of information in agreement between the society and organization (Gray, Kouhy and Lavers, 1995, p.48). Accounting practice stakeholders in the social circle encompa ss researchers, teachers, practitioners, and academicians as influential thinkers who are concerned with social and environmental accounting. Current practices can be generally tied to high level of interactions and discussion

Discuss Nationalism in the ERa of Good Feelings Essay Example for Free

Discuss Nationalism in the ERa of Good Feelings Essay Nationalism, not sectionalism, was the driving force during the era of good feelings. Nationalism became the leading ideology of the American republic. While sectionalism proceeded in bringing the nation into turmoil and constant bickering among the politicians, as in the case with dealings leading to the Missouri compromise, nationalism was able to unite the nation into a headstrong body, led by an ever-increasing, more powerful central government. Nationalism, many can argue, was a guiding light that helped the populous in Europe unite. As early as the late great Roman Empire, it was that notion of being a part of a uniform body of civil, governed people who helped these places flourish. In early 19th century America, during the Era of Good Feelings as one newspaper put it, Americans began to root themselves in all that the nation stood for which helped them in turn begin to think about moving the United States into a respectable position among the worlds super powers. For example, Stephen Decatur toasts the country and acknowledges that it is our country, for better or for worse. This is a sharp contrast to the views of our founding fathers because George Washington himself, the father of our nation, saluted king George although he was a part of the attempt to establish a separate nation. Poets and writers also began to capture the nations spirit. In her Address to the New York State Legislature, Emma Hart Willard, explains how America has no problem in setting precedents and taking risks for the benefit of the country. For example, did the country take a risk in having a democracy instead of a monarchy? The answer to this question is yes, because no one in the history of the world before America, was able to successfully run a government the way that new nation ran. Although they had to switch from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution, this just proved that the nation could adapt with its people, thus setting precedents. Sectionalism only succeeded in dividing the country. This is because sectionalists always had their own agendas, which often clashed with that of their opposition. The division of votes on the tariff of 1816 was a pretty noticeable one, although the final vote was not really affected by  non-tariff votes. Sectionalism can be found here in the numbers of each region. The majority of New England Votes were cast against the tariff. This should be of no surprise because New England, which at the time was largely federalist, was against the whole war of 1812 effort from the get go. If it were not for the nationalistic pride of the western and southern regions, this protective tariff would have not been passed. Nationalism creates an atmosphere which attempts to propel the nation forward instead of becoming entangled in issues which cause a separation of agendas, thought, and eventually causes a rift in peoples beliefs. The nationalism brought about by the Era of Good feelings helped the United States get on track to becoming what it is today. If you look at current events, you can see that the United States operates with more fluidity when we have a common enemy instead of creating enemies out of our brethren because of our ideals.

Colin Powell :: essays research papers

My Written Report is a Short Biography of Colin Luther Powell. He was born on May 5, 1937 in Presbyterian Hospital. He was born, and grew up, in the South Bronx, New York. There was a big influence of drugs and gangs where Powell lived but, he seemed to steer away from all of that (source 1, page 23). Powell's parents were immigrants from Jamaica. His mother's name is Muad Ariel McKoy. In Jamaica the McKoy fammily watched over sugar plantations. She came to America with her mother (Colin's grandmother). Powell's father's name is Luther Theophilus Powell. In Jamaica the Powell families were peasant farmers. Muad and Luther while in New York not in Jamaica (source 1, page 20, 21). Colin Powell is a smart man. Surprisingly when he was in fourth grade he was in the slow class. When he attended Junior High School, he went to an all male school. He did well academically but he was over looked by his parents because his sister, Marilyn Powell, always did better. He attended Morris High Scho ol in 1950. He was good in high school; he never got into any fights or any sort of trouble. He completed High school in 1954 (source 1, page 29, 30, 32). Powell applied to two colleges City College of New York (CCNY) and New York University (NYU). Both accepted him but he went to CCNY because it only ten dollars a semester as opposed to seven hundred and fifty dollars a semester at NYU. Powell majored in Engendering. He finished college in 1958 (source 1 pages 32, 36). While in college Powell joined the Recruit Officer Training Corps (ROTC). Powell said he joined ROTC because of the discipline and "The sense of comradery among a group of young men who were similarly motivated. Maybe it was the uniform." Another reason he said he joined is because of the association with the military [source 2 (interview page 1) (biography page 1)]. While Powell was in ROTC, he was in the Pershing Rifles. The Pershing Rifles showed that a cadet was more serious about ROTC than a regular ca det. The Pershing Rifles had to stay in ROTC their whole college career. They were distinguished through a yellow wrap worn on their right shoulder (source 1, page 40). In 1987 Powell was the Nation Security Advisor to Ronald Regan. Two years later in 1989 he became the first black officer and the youngest officer to hold the nation's highest military office, the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Retorhical Argument

Zoe Mojica Ryan Grandik English Comp. II February 27, 2013 Rhetorical Analysis (why violent video games are good for girls) Student Carmen Tieu, in her opinionated article, â€Å"Why Violent Video Games are good for Girls† expounds upon the idea that violent video games are good for girls. Tieu explains that violent video games boost confidence in women. She goes further on to say that it makes aware of the different socialization processes of men and women. Tieu begins by telling a short story about her gaming life. She is attempting to give you a peek into her mind about being a girl playing first person shooting games.She begins to reveal that men and women are socialized differently by using the aggressive chatting being done before the game begins. Tieu speaks to us in this manner to help us experience what it is like to be a girl and to be playing the violent first person shooting games. The way she is saying this makes it seem as though all males playing these games all act in such ways. The way that Tieu tells her story in the first paragraph gives us a more biased or more sympathetic affect to her cause. After Tieu finishes her first person perspective of the shooting games, she begins to say that girls are socialized into more docile activities.The language of the text that the writer is using is trying to make you more sympathetic towards her goal of this paper. Her word choice is meant not only for you to be sympathetic but to cause vexation. Tieu illustrates how society thinks that women shouldn’t and can’t play video games by saying they â€Å"objectify women† and the â€Å"violent† nature â€Å"repulses† girls. Tieu creates this tone by saying â€Å"Girls are socialized into activities that promote togetherness and talk, not high intensity competition involving fantasized shooting and killing. † Tieu continues to explain that women can play, and be just as good as men in violent video games.Carmen Tieu says that playing first person shooting games are empowering because it gives girls a chance to beat the boys at their own game. Her overall tone is meant to excite and make you want to play first person shooting games such as her quick and instinctual reactions using both joysticks. The author creates a very powerful environment when she explains how she gets an adrenaline rush beating testosterone driven men at something they are supposed to â€Å"excel† at. The writer creates a passionate diction when she uses the â€Å"savor† and â€Å"horror† and â€Å"completely destroys them†.The author furthers the goal of her paper by making her victory seem so empowering. Tieu proceeds in this paragraph by elaborating on how women can be made more confident in other aspects of life by playing violent video games. She says that when women play video games they are freed of the stereotype that women are meant to be soft and motherly figures. She claims that s he doesn’t reject these because she is a vegan and a tree hugger, but by saying she understands the opposing view makes it easier for the reader to stay on her side as to why video games are good for girls.She goes into further detail by saying it has psychologically helped her because she is aware that she can beat males at â€Å"their own game† claiming that it gives her more confidence in the male dominated academic field of math and science. Tieu says in this paragraph that playing video games has given her a different way of bonding with guys. She uses the example that a man gave her his respect for playing video games but goes on to say that he didn’t really respect women in general but we can’t really tell if he’s that kind of man just by one sentence.Showing the â€Å"lack of respect† he had towards women, she goes on to say since she started playing video games men have a different way of talking to her. Her way of saying â€Å"You get joy from perfecting your skills so that your high-angle grenade kills become a thing of beauty. † makes it seem as though it becomes a boost of confidence much like winning in a physical game. Tieu begins this paragraph by saying violent video games give girls an insight to a disturbing part of the male subculture. She uses words like â€Å"homophobic† and â€Å"misogynistic† to describe how the men react when they are playing such violent games.She describes them in a way that makes all men who play video games seem as though they downgrade any player who is below or even above them. She goes on to say that when she beats her male friends they are embarrassed by it which turns them into â€Å"testosterone driven macho men. † Tieu suggest that when men are around a female one on one a softer side of them comes out. She also over uses the word â€Å"macho† which creates a dual reality of how men can be a lot shallower when playing first person s hooting games. By her using the words to be a real man† she gives the claim that when men are around other men they have to pretend to be far more manly versions of themselves then what they really are. In contrast though, men are able to act like their true selves when they are one on one with women. When she uses those words to create the dual reality between a real man and a fake man she’s creating a tense environment and leaves us with an open question: Which man is the real man? In this opinionated article, â€Å"Why Violent Video Games are good for Girls†, Carmen Tieu argues how women should play violent video games.She uses diction and tone to help promote her argument. Throughout this article, she lets the reader know how much she has learned about the two natures that men display. Her words show how proud she is that she is able to recognize this difference in behavior and that she did not succumb to this, â€Å"ugly phenomenon†. The overall tone of the paper was persuasive and led you to be sympathetic to her cause. The type of language that the author uses helps to further enhance the argument. Through rhetoric devices Carmen Tieu solidifies that video games can boost confidence in women and that men and women are socialized differently.

Safety on Public Transportation

One of the major features of any developed society is mass mobility. In order for man to fulfill his obligation put food on his table, man has to move around. Thus mobility is an essential aspect of human life. Man has to move from one destination to another. Elementary Science has described this as a natural feature of human beings. Over the years, the growth of technology as made for variables when it comes to human transportation. One of such means of transportation is public transportation. Although transportation is a necessity to most people in America, it will be alarming to note that Americans spend more trying to meet up with their daily needs. Compared to other countries in the world, an average American spends more to move around. As part of the government’s efforts to ensure a better standard of living for the citizen, the public transport system is an initiative of the government tailored towards reduction of the price incurred on transportation by Americans. Therefore, Americans now have a choice which provides a greater freedom. However, as commendable as this initiative is, Public Transportation has its good and bad sides. There are some dangers that one is open to when one takes a public transport. To begin with, the security and privacy one enjoys when one is moving around in one’s private car is better than when we are moving around in public transport. Statistics have shown that people moving around in public transportation are susceptible to insecurity than those transporting privately. On the issue of crime in public transportation, the police department and other organizations have given tips on how to avoid crime in public transportation. For all I care, the next person to you might be a serial killer or the lousy old woman might actually be planning to steal your wallet. At this point, one will be unfair not to admit that public transportation has had a lot of positive impact on the pockets of Americans. With the insistent rise in the prices of gasoline in America, public transportation has being a good alternative for the people of America. At least it has helped save more money that should have been used in the purchase of gasoline. It is also effective and reliable. The next time you are about to meet an appointment and you want to go by public transportation, make sure you have it at the back of your mind that although some dollars will be saved, there is the risk of falling a victim. Therefore, be vigilant and alert!

A Short History of the Rwandan Genocide

A Short History of the Rwandan Genocide On April 6, 1994, Hutus began slaughtering the Tutsis in the African country of Rwanda. As the brutal killings continued, the world stood idly by and just watched the slaughter. Lasting 100 days, the Rwandan Genocide left approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu sympathizers dead. Who Are the Hutu and Tutsi? The Hutu and Tutsi are two peoples who share a common past. When Rwanda was first settled, the people who lived there raised cattle. Soon, the people who owned the most cattle were called Tutsi, and everyone else was called Hutu. At this time, a person could easily change categories through marriage or cattle acquisition. It wasnt until Europeans came to colonize the area that the terms Tutsi and Hutu took on a racial role. The Germans were the first to colonize Rwanda in 1894. They looked at the Rwandan people and thought the Tutsi had more European characteristics, such as lighter skin and a taller build. Thus they put Tutsis in roles of responsibility. When the Germans lost their colonies following World War I, the Belgians took control of Rwanda. In 1933, the Belgians solidified the categories of Tutsi and Hutu by mandating that every person was to have an identity card that labeled them either Tutsi, Hutu, or Twa. (The Twa are a very small group of hunter-gatherers who also live in Rwanda.) Although the Tutsi constituted only about ten percent of Rwandas population and the Hutu nearly 90 percent, the Belgians gave the Tutsi all the leadership positions. This upset the Hutu. When Rwanda struggled for independence from Belgium, the Belgians switched the status of the two groups. Facing a revolution instigated by the Hutu, the Belgians let the Hutus, who constituted the majority of Rwandas population, be in charge of the new government. This upset the Tutsi, and the animosity between the two groups continued for decades. The Event That Sparked the Genocide At 8:30 p.m. on April 6, 1994, President Juvà ©nal Habyarimana of Rwanda was returning from a summit in Tanzania when a surface-to-air missile shot his plane out of the sky over Rwandas capital city of Kigali. All on board were killed in the crash. Since 1973, President Habyarimana, a Hutu, had run a totalitarian regime in Rwanda, which had excluded all Tutsis from participating. That changed on August 3, 1993, when Habyarimana signed the Arusha Accords, which weakened the Hutu hold on Rwanda and allowed Tutsis to participate in the government, which greatly upset Hutu extremists. Although it has never been determined who was truly responsible for the assassination, Hutu extremists profited the most from Habyarimanas death. Within 24 hours after the crash, Hutu extremists had taken over the government, blamed the Tutsis for the assassination, and begun the slaughter. 100 Days of Slaughter The killings began in Rwandas capital city of Kigali. The Interahamwe (those who strike as one), an anti-Tutsi youth organization established by Hutu extremists, set up roadblocks. They checked identification cards and killed all who were Tutsi. Most of the killing was done with machetes, clubs, or knives. Over the next few days and weeks, roadblocks were set up around Rwanda. On April 7, Hutu extremists began purging the government of their political opponents, which meant both Tutsis and Hutu moderates were killed. This included the prime minister. When ten Belgian U.N. peacekeepers tried to protect the prime minister, they too were killed. This caused Belgium to start withdrawing its troops from Rwanda. Over the next several days and weeks, the violence spread. Since the government had the names and addresses of nearly all Tutsis living in Rwanda (remember, each Rwandan had an identity card that labeled them Tutsi, Hutu, or Twa), the killers could go door to door, slaughtering the Tutsis. Men, women, and children were murdered. Since bullets were expensive, most Tutsis were killed by hand weapons, often machetes or clubs. Many were often tortured before being killed. Some of the victims were given the option of paying for a bullet so that theyd have a quicker death. Also during the violence, thousands of Tutsi women were raped. Some were raped and then killed, others were kept as sex slaves for weeks. Some Tutsi women and girls were also tortured before being killed, such as having their breasts cut off or had sharp objects shoved up their vagina. Slaughter Inside Churches, Hospitals, and Schools Thousands of Tutsis tried to escape the slaughter by hiding in churches, hospitals, schools, and government offices. These places, which historically have been places of refuge, were turned into places of mass murder during the Rwandan Genocide. One of the worst massacres of the Rwandan Genocide took place on April 15 to 16, 1994 at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church, located about 60 miles east of Kigali. Here, the mayor of the town, a Hutu, encouraged Tutsis to seek sanctuary inside the church by assuring them they would be safe there. Then the mayor betrayed them to the Hutu extremists. The killing began with grenades and guns but soon changed to machetes and clubs. Killing by hand was tiresome, so the killers took shifts. It took two days to kill the thousands of Tutsi who were inside. Similar massacres took place around Rwanda, with many of the worst ones occurring between April 11 and the beginning of May. Mistreatment of the Corpses To further degrade the Tutsi, Hutu extremists would not allow the Tutsi dead to be buried. Their bodies were left where they were slaughtered, exposed to the elements, eaten by rats and dogs. Many Tutsi bodies were thrown into rivers, lakes, and streams in order to send the Tutsis back to Ethiopia- a reference to the myth that the Tutsi were foreigners and originally came from Ethiopia. Media Played a Huge Role in the Genocide For years, the Kangura newspaper, controlled by Hutu extremists, had been spouting hate. As early as December 1990, the paper published The Ten Commandments for the Hutu. The commandments declared that any Hutu who married a Tutsi was a traitor. Also, any Hutu who did business with a Tutsi was a traitor. The commandments also insisted that all strategic positions and the entire military must be Hutu. To isolate the Tutsis even further, the commandments also told the Hutu to stand by other Hutu and to stop pitying the Tutsi. When RTLM (Radio Tà ©là ©vison des Milles Collines) began broadcasting on July 8, 1993, it also spread hate. However, this time it was packaged to appeal to the masses by offering popular music and broadcasts conducted in a very informal, conversational tone. Once the killings started, RTLM went beyond just espousing hate; they took an active role in the slaughter. The RTLM called for the Tutsi to cut down the tall trees, a code phrase which meant for the Hutu to start killing the Tutsi. During broadcasts, RTLM often used the term inyenzi (cockroach) when referring to Tutsis and then told Hutu to crush the cockroaches. Many RTLM broadcasts announced names of specific individuals who should be killed; RTLM even included information about where to find them, such as home and work addresses or known hangouts. Once these individuals had been killed, RTLM then announced their murders over the radio. The RTLM was used to incite the average Hutu to kill. However, if a Hutu refused to participate in the slaughter, then members of the Interahamwe would give them a choice- either kill or be killed. The World Stood By and Just Watched Following World War II and the Holocaust, the United Nations adopted a resolution on December 9, 1948, which stated that The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. The massacres in Rwanda constituted genocide, so why didnt the world step in to stop it? There has been a lot of research on this exact question. Some people have said that since Hutu moderates were killed in the early stages, then some countries believed the conflict to be more of a civil war rather than a genocide. Other research has shown that the world powers realized it was a genocide but that they didnt want to pay for the needed supplies and personnel to stop it. No matter what the reason, the world should have stepped in and stopped the slaughter. The Rwanda Genocide Ends The Rwanda Genocide ended only when the RPF took over the country. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was a trained military group consisting of Tutsis who had been exiled in earlier years, many of whom lived in Uganda. The RPF was able to enter Rwanda and slowly take over the country. In mid-July 1994, when the RPF had full control, the genocide was finally stopped. Sources Semujanga, Josias. The Ten Commandments of the Hutu. Origins of the Rwandan Genocide, Humanity Books, 2003, pp. 196-197.

A Temperature Effect essays

A Temperature Effect essays Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up the rate of specific biological reactions. The first thing to notice in enzyme characteristics is that enzymes are almost all proteins, often globular proteins. They are long chains of amino acid units held together by peptide bonds. Enzymes are much more specific than simple catalysts. Numerous reactions occur within a cell and it is the enzymes job to assist by reducing the activation energy required to set a reaction going. The name enzyme was suggested in 1867 by a German physiologist Wilhelm Kuhne. It was later, in 1894, a German biochemist Emil Fischer found the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme action. (chem.wsu.edu 1) A catalyst is defined as a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed during the process. (chem.wsu.edu 2) In this experiment the purpose was to see if temperature has an effect on the activity of catalysts. METHODS Starting the experiment, a drop of the liver extract and a dropper of tap water were placed into four tubes. Number each tube 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A for reference. Next, with different test tubes, place 1 dropper of hydrogen peroxide into each tube, labeling them 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B for reference. Corresponding tubes were placed together so both would be at the same temperature. In a cup of crushed ice, place tubes 1A and 1B into the cup. Tubes 2A and 2B place in the test tube rack at room temperature. In a beaker of water measuring 70 C, place tubes 3A and 3B. In a beaker of boiling water, tubes 4A and 4B were placed together. After each tube is in its designated place, let them sit for five minutes (enough time for the reactions to occur). After time has passed, place corresponding tubes into ...

Circular Reasoning Definition and Examples

Circular Reasoning Definition and Examples In informal logic, circular reasoning  is an argument that commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove. Fallacies closely related to circular reasoning include  begging the question  and petitio principii. The fallacy of the petitio principii, says Madsen Pirie, lies in its dependence on the unestablished conclusion. Its conclusion is used, albeit often in a disguised form, in the premises which support it (How to Win Every Argument: The Use and Abuse of Logic, 2015). Examples and Observations The circular argument uses its own conclusion as one of its stated or unstated premises. Instead of offering proof, it simply asserts the conclusion in another form, thereby inviting the listener to accept it as settled when, in fact, it has not been settled. Because the premise is no different from and therefore as questionable as its conclusion, a circular argument violates the criterion of acceptability. (T. Edward Damer, Attacking Faulty Reasoning. Wadsworth, 2001)Circular argument: A sentence or argument that restates rather than proves. Thus, it goes in a circle: President Reagan was a great communicator because he had the knack of talking effectively to the people. The terms in the beginning of the sentence (great communicator) and the end of the sentence (talking effectively) are interchangeable. (Stephen Reid, The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers, 5th ed., 2000) Mental Illness and Violent Crimes The assumption that people with mental health issues are violent is deeply entrenched (cleaver-wielding lunatic costumes,  anyone?). It often leads to circular reasoning. How often have you heard people claim that committing a violent crime is proof of mental illness? Only a mentally ill person would kill someone, so anyone who kills someone is automatically mentally ill. Leaving aside the  vast majority of homicides  which aren’t committed by people with mental problems, this isn’t evidence based. (Dean Burnett, Stop Blaming Mental Illness for Violent Crimes. The Guardian [UK], June 21, 2016) Circular Reasoning  in Politics Senator Kent Conrad of North Dakota offers a perfectly circular argument: we cant have the public option, because if we do, health care reform wont get the votes of senators like him. In a 60-vote environment, he says . . ., youve got to attract some Republicans as well as holding virtually all the Democrats together, and that, I dont believe, is possible with a pure public option. (Paul Krugman, Health Care Showdown. The New York Times, June 22, 2009)Ralph Nader and Pat Buchanan are banging at the doors, and the political establishment, consisting of both politicians and the media, seems determined not to let them in on the grounds that they have no public support. This is a circular argument; one of the reasons they have so little support is that they are generally ignored by the press and will most likely be barred from the presidential debates, which require a base support of 15 percent of the electorate. (Lars-Erik Nelson, Party Going. The New York Review of Books, August  10, 2000) Going in Circles Circular reasoning can be used fallaciously . . . in arguments which require the use of premises that can be shown to be better established than the conclusion to be proved. The requirement here is one of evidential priority . . ..  Arguing in a circle  becomes a fallacy of petitio  principii or begging the question where an attempt is made to evade the burden of proving one of the premises of  an argument by basing it on the prior acceptance of the conclusion to be proved. . . . So the fallacy of begging the question is a systematic tactic to evade fulfillment of a legitimate burden of proof . . . by the proponent of an argument in dialogue by using a circular structure of argument to block the further progress of dialogue, and, in particular, to undermine the capability of the respondent, to whom the argument was directed, to ask legitimate critical questions in reply. (Douglas N. Walton, Circular Reasoning.  A Companion to Epistemology, 2nd ed., edited  by  Jonathan Dancy et al. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)

Analyse the data sets provided and report the results of the data Essay

Analyse the data sets provided and report the results of the data analysis in the most appropriate format - Essay Example Given that there are three dependent variables that are known to interact with each other (Bandura, 1989); the MANOVA was chosen as the ideal test of analysis. The MANOVA is best used when the dependent variables are moderately correlated; and are liable to affect each other. The omnibus test ensures that there is reduced chance of a Type I error by taking shared covariance of dependent variables into account. The null and alternative hypotheses postulated for this study are: Null Hypothesis 1: There is no significant difference in the mean cognitive anxiety between the winning positions. Alternative Hypothesis 1: There is a significant difference in the mean cognitive anxiety between the three winning positions. Null Hypothesis 2: There is no significant difference in the mean somatic anxiety between the three winning positions. Alternative Hypothesis 2: There is a significant difference in the mean somatic anxiety between the three winning positions. Null Hypothesis 3: There is no significant difference in the mean self confidence between the three winning positions. Alternative Hypothesis 3: There is a significant difference in the mean self confidence between the three winning positions. Data was collected from 83 athletes of both genders (40 male and 43 female participants) within the age range of 18 to 43 years. The participants were not evenly distributed across the three categories; and data was available on 36 first place holders, 29 second place holders and 18 third place holders. The mean scores, standard deviations and Standard error are noted in Table 1.1 Table 1.1 Descriptive Statistics of Psychological Variables Relative to Winning Positions Dependent Variables Wining Position N Mean SD SE Cognitive Anxiety 1 36 24.17 5.316 0.886 2 29 22.93 6.035 1.121 3 18 24.11 5.040 1.188 Total 83 23.72 5.487 0.602 Somatic Anxiety 1 36 23.56 6.068 1.011 2 29 22.69 6.077 1.129 3 18 23.28 6.515 1.536 Total 83 23.19 6.106 0.670 Self Confidence 1 36 22.61 4.777 0. 796 2 29 19.17 4.489 0.834 3 18 18.67 3.970 0.936 Total 83 20.55 4.817 0.529 The data was analyzed using MANOVA, and was tested using all four tests. The F value using the Wilks' lambda was 3.488 which was significant beyond the 0.01 level of significance [Wilks' = 0.777; F (6,156) = 3.488; p

Peace and Conflict Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Peace and Conflict Studies - Essay Example ric. To misquote from one of George Orwell’s lesser-known sayings, where the British press is concerned, the facts and the rhetoric do not logically connect. Particularly where Britain is concerned, it will be necessary to disregard the rhetoric (as both sides of what is politely called the debate are equally guilty of distortion) and take the facts and form a picture from them, accepting that what passes for the accepted wisdom is not so much a tissue of lies as a tissue of invention. On the other hand, it has proved most interesting to try and find out the real reasons for the (2003) Iraq disaster and make the most of this opportunity to set the record straight. Hypothesis The fundamental hypothesis that the author wishes to put forward for the 2003 Anglo-American intervention in Iraq is that the ‘intervention’ (disaster would be a better word) took place for internal political reasons. In other words, nothing the Iraqis themselves, UN, EU, Russians, Chinese etc ., etc. would or could have done would have prevented the war, as both the British and U.S, metropolitan elites were completely impervious to any outside persuasion. We will start with Todd’s (who, despite his Anglophone name and ancestry, is French) analysis. He cites the main American internal political factors [2004, Pp 207-211 inclusive) as â€Å"economic mystification, ideological crisis and denial of reality†. He also introduces â€Å"evil, as a central concept†. If the author understands Todd correctly, the Americans (or at least their metropolitan elite) intervened in Iraq in order to perpetuate the actual (as opposed to stated) ideological and psychological aims of using American military power (which, it must be said, looks impressive, even if it isn’t in reality) to ensure that international investment (chiefly the purchase of U.S. Treasury bonds) is then channelled into U.S. domestic consumption. The mechanism appears to be that the funds gene rated by the bond purchases are used to fund the American imperial military, the money then being channelled through equipment purchases, salaries and base maintenance into the American economy at large - much of the money then being channelled back to the U.S. government through federal taxes. The ultimate expression of this is that wars (what Todd calls â€Å"theoretical micro-militarism†) against small countries such as Iraq are much more effective than peaceable military commitments in achieving this, as otherwise the purchasers of U.S. Treasury bonds might start asking awkward questions about where all the money is going. So much for economic mystification. We will now examine Todd’s concept of ideological crisis. Since the end of the â€Å"Cold War† (the author prefers the term ‘Grand Area Planning‘

Monetary Policy of the FED during the Economic Crisis Essay

Monetary Policy of the FED during the Economic Crisis - Essay Example et operations by engaging in aggressive purchase of treasury securities and in December 2008, they extended the operations to the purchase of agency debt and mortgage-backed securities. By the end of 2008, the FED reported to have purchased agency mortgages backed securities worth US $1.25 trillion, and it increased its purchase of agency debt by up to US$ 200 billion. Thirdly, by mid 2009, the FED had purchased long-term treasury securities worth US $300 billion in order to improve the level of liquidity in private credit markets (Brezina, 123-127). The result of the open market operations is demonstrated in the chart below, which show that increase in the purchase of securities resulted in the increase of cash supply in the U.S economy. Figure: Impact of open market operations Reserve requirement In the writings by Timberlake, he stated that the reserve requirement is a method of credit control that is normally applied by the FED to control the money market by determining the level of cash that is available within the economy (89-95). The reserve requirement draws its basis from the fact that commercial banks keep cash reserves with the FED and then this reserve is maintained for the purpose of liquidity and for providing the means for credit control. Brezina stated that as a way of responding to the economic crisis between 2007 and 2009, the FED through the reserve requirement policy decreased the minimum reserve ratio that all commercial bank and other financial institutions offering the service of deposit taking keep at the FED’s reserve (198-202). This action was aimed at increasing the power of credit creation by the commercial banks so that the general economy can access more credit and therefore, plunge out of the economic recession. Discount rate According... This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System, carried out to mitigate the negative impacts of the financial crisis and to restore the economic growth in the United States. The three monetary policies are discussed and they are deemed effective in ensuring the increase in the circulation of money in the general economy, thereby resolving the liquidity crisis and facilitating more economic activities to continue or kick-start. One of the key functions of the Federal Reserve Bank (FED) is the regulation of currency or credit in order to reflect the needs of the business community and the general economy and for the purpose of carrying out the broad monetary policy adopted by the U.S government. Monetary policy is the action of a Central Bank, which influences the size and rate of growth of the money supply. The open market operations as the purchase or the sale of securities that include long-term and short-term in the open market by the FED. The reserve requirement is a method of credit control that is normally applied by the FED to control the money market by determining the level of cash that is available within the economy. The discount rate is the rate at which the FED normally discounts the first class bills or will advance loans to commercial banks. This discount rate affects the cost and availability of credit and in particular, a change in the rate of the discount leads to a corresponding change in the money market rate